考研机械学科中的几项前沿技术-中英文翻译版

Abstract

Advancements in mechanical engineering have witnessed remarkable transformations, particularly in the realms of intelligent manufacturing, green technologies, and defect-tolerant design. This abstract delves into several pioneering technologies within the mechanical discipline, emphasizing their significance and applications.

Firstly, intelligent manufacturing has emerged as a cornerstone in the mechanical industry, revolutionizing production processes. Technologies such as Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), collaborative robot workstations, and smart manufacturing systems have significantly enhanced production efficiency and product quality. The IIoT facilitates seamless communication between devices, while collaborative robot workstations foster closer human-machine interactions. Smart manufacturing systems automate and intellectualize production workflows, optimizing overall operations.

Secondly, green manufacturing technologies are pivotal for sustainable development in the mechanical sector. By adopting eco-friendly materials, energy-saving techniques, and recycling processes, green manufacturing aims to achieve efficient resource utilization and environmental protection. Renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, along with intelligent waste management systems, contribute to reducing the industry's carbon footprint.

Moreover, defect-tolerant design, especially in additive manufacturing (AM), is gaining prominence. AM components often exhibit random manufacturing defects, impacting their fatigue performance. Research efforts, such as those led by Wang Lanyi, have focused on developing physics-informed machine learning frameworks for fatigue life prediction of AM materials. These frameworks integrate fracture mechanics models, semi-empirical models, and adaptive machine learning to provide comprehensive assessments of fatigue life, ensuring structural integrity and performance reliability during service.

Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in mechanical design through machine learning has optimized design processes and enhanced product performance. AI-driven techniques facilitate autonomous intelligent behaviors in robots, improving logistics efficiency through smart logistics management systems. Humanoid robots mimic human movements for assistance in various sectors, including catering and healthcare.

The mechanical industry is also embracing digital transformation, leveraging technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and blockchain. IoT enables interconnected devices, improving productivity, while cloud computing facilitates convenient and efficient data storage. Blockchain technology ensures data security and authenticity, collectively driving the industry forward.

In conclusion, the mechanical discipline is at the forefront of technological advancements, with intelligent manufacturing, green technologies, defect-tolerant design, AI integration, and digital transformation shaping its future. These technologies not only elevate production efficiency and product quality but also promote sustainability and environmental responsibility, ensuring the mechanical industry's prosperous development.

中文意思

机械工程领域的发展见证了显著的变革，特别是在智能制造、绿色技术和容错设计方面。本摘要探讨了机械学科中的几项前沿技术，并强调了它们的重要性和应用。

首先，智能制造已成为机械行业的重要基石，彻底改变了生产过程。工业物联网（IIoT）、协作机器人工作站和智能制造系统等技术的出现，显著提高了生产效率和产品质量。IIoT促进了设备之间的无缝通信，而协作机器人工作站则实现了人机之间更紧密的协作。智能制造系统自动化和智能化生产流程，优化了整体运营。

其次，绿色制造技术是机械行业实现可持续发展的关键。通过采用环保材料、节能技术和回收流程，绿色制造旨在实现资源的高效利用和环境保护。太阳能和风能等可再生能源，以及智能废物管理系统，有助于减少行业的碳足迹。

此外，特别是在增材制造（AM）中，容错设计正日益受到重视。AM组件经常出现随机制造缺陷，影响其疲劳性能。以王蓝仪等人为代表的研究工作，专注于开发物理信息驱动的机器学习框架，用于预测AM材料的疲劳寿命。这些框架结合了断裂力学模型、半经验模型和自适应机器学习，为疲劳寿命提供全面评估，确保服役期间的结构完整性和性能可靠性。

再者，通过机器学习在机械设计中的集成，人工智能（AI）优化了设计流程并提高了产品性能。AI驱动的技术促进了机器人的自主智能行为，通过智能物流管理系统提高了物流效率。人形机器人模仿人体动作，在餐饮和医疗等多个领域提供辅助服务。

机械行业还在积极拥抱数字化转型，利用物联网（IoT）、云计算和区块链等技术。IoT实现了设备的互联互通，提高了生产效率；云计算则提供了便捷高效的数据存储；区块链技术确保了数据的安全性和真实性，共同推动了机械行业的发展。

总之，机械学科正处于技术发展的前沿，智能制造、绿色技术、容错设计、AI集成和数字化转型正在塑造其未来。这些技术不仅提高了生产效率和产品质量，还促进了可持续发展和环境保护，确保了机械行业的繁荣发展。

【结语】

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