keepalived脑裂监控

keepalived脑裂监控

脑裂简介

在高可用（HA）系统中，当联系2个节点的“心跳线”断开时，本来为一整体、动作协调的HA系统，就分裂成为2个独立的个体。由于相互失去了联系，都以为是对方出了故障。两个节点上的HA软件像“裂脑人”一样，争抢“共享资源”、争起“应用服务”，就会发生严重后果——或者共享资源被瓜分、2边“服务”都起不来了；或者2边“服务”都起来了，但同时读写“共享存储”，导致数据损坏（常见如数据库轮询着的联机日志出错）。
　　
对付HA系统“裂脑”的对策，目前达成共识的的大概有以下几条：

• 添加冗余的心跳线，例如：双线条线（心跳线也HA），尽量减少“裂脑”发生几率；
• 启用磁盘锁。正在服务一方锁住共享磁盘，“裂脑”发生时，让对方完全“抢不走”共享磁盘资源。但使用锁磁盘也会有一个不小的问题，如果占用共享盘的一方不主动“解锁”，另一方就永远得不到共享磁盘。现实中假如服务节点突然死机或崩溃，就不可能执行解锁命令。后备节点也就接管不了共享资源和应用服务。于是有人在HA中设计了“智能”锁。即：正在服务的一方只在发现心跳线全部断开（察觉不到对端）时才启用磁盘锁。平时就不上锁了。
• 设置仲裁机制。例如设置参考IP（如网关IP），当心跳线完全断开时，2个节点都各自ping一下参考IP，不通则表明断点就出在本端。不仅“心跳”、还兼对外“服务”的本端网络链路断了，即使启动（或继续）应用服务也没有用了，那就主动放弃竞争，让能够ping通参考IP的一端去起服务。更保险一些，ping不通参考IP的一方干脆就自我重启，以彻底释放有可能还占用着的那些共享资源

脑裂产生的原因

一般来说，脑裂的发生，有以下几种原因：

• 高可用服务器对之间心跳线链路发生故障，导致无法正常通信
  • 因心跳线坏了（包括断了，老化）
  • 因网卡及相关驱动坏了，ip配置及冲突问题（网卡直连）
  • 因心跳线间连接的设备故障（网卡及交换机）
  • 因仲裁的机器出问题（采用仲裁的方案）
• 高可用服务器上开启了 iptables防火墙阻挡了心跳消息传输
• 高可用服务器上心跳网卡地址等信息配置不正确，导致发送心跳失败
• 其他服务配置不当等原因，如心跳方式不同，心跳广插冲突、软件Bug等

脑裂的常见解决方案

在实际生产环境中，我们可以从以下几个方面来防止裂脑问题的发生：

• 同时使用串行电缆和以太网电缆连接，同时用两条心跳线路，这样一条线路坏了，另一个还是好的，依然能传送心跳消息
• 当检测到裂脑时强行关闭一个心跳节点（这个功能需特殊设备支持，如Stonith、feyce）。相当于备节点接收不到心跳消患，通过单独的线路发送关机命令关闭主节点的电源
• 做好对裂脑的监控报警（如邮件及手机短信等或值班）.在问题发生时人为第一时间介入仲裁，降低损失。例如，百度的监控报警短信就有上行和下行的区别。报警消息发送到管理员手机上，管理员可以通过手机回复对应数字或简单的字符串操作返回给服务器.让服务器根据指令自动处理相应故障，这样解决故障的时间更短.
  　　
  当然，在实施高可用方案时，要根据业务实际需求确定是否能容忍这样的损失。对于一般的网站常规业务.这个损失是可容忍的

keepalived脑裂监控

环境说明

系统信息	主机名	IP
centos8	master	192.168.205.144	zabbix-server zabbix-agent lamp keepalived nginx
centos8	backup	192.168.205.147	zabbix-server keepalived nginx

本次高可用虚拟IP（VIP）地址暂定为 192.168.205.250

keepalived安装

配置主keepalived

//配置网络源
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install epel-release

//安装keepalived
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install keepalived

用同样的方法在备服务器上安装keepalived

//配置网络源
[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install epel-release

//安装keepalived
[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install keepalived

在主备机上分别安装nginx

在master上安装nginx

[root@master ~]# dnf -y install nginx
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf   
   server {
        listen       8080 default_server;    //更改端口号为8080
        listen       [::]:8080 default_server;   //更改端口号为8080
[root@master ~]#  cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@master html]# mv index.html{,.bak}
[root@master html]# echo 'master' > index.html
[root@master html]# ls
404.html  index.html      nginx-logo.png
50x.html  index.html.bak  poweredby.png
[root@master html]# systemctl start nginx
[root@master html]# systemctl enable nginx
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@master html]# ss -antl
State   Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port    Peer Address:Port Process  
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:10050        0.0.0.0:*             
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:10051        0.0.0.0:*             
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:9000         0.0.0.0:*             
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:8080         0.0.0.0:*             
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:22           0.0.0.0:*             
LISTEN  0       80                   *:3306               *:*             
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:8080            [::]:*             
LISTEN  0       128                  *:80                 *:*             
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:22              [::]:*     

在backup上安装nginx

[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install nginx
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf   
   server {
        listen       8080 default_server;    //更改端口号为8080
        listen       [::]:8080 default_server;   //更改端口号为8080
[root@backup ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@backup html]# mv index.html{,.bak}
[root@backup html]# echo 'backup' > index.html
[root@backup html]# ls
404.html  index.html      nginx-logo.png
50x.html  index.html.bak  poweredby.png
[root@backup html]# systemctl start nginx
[root@backup html]# ss -antl
State   Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port    Peer Address:Port Process  
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:8080         0.0.0.0:*             
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:22           0.0.0.0:*             
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:10050        0.0.0.0:*             
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:8080            [::]:*             
LISTEN  0       128                  *:80                 *:*             
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:22              [::]:*         

keepalived配置

配置主keepalived

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass lijiang
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.205.250
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.205.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.205.144 8080 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
    
    real_server 192.168.205.147 8080 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.
[root@master ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:63:98:e5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.205.144/24 brd 192.168.205.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1578sec preferred_lft 1578sec
    inet 192.168.205.250/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::9e26:e42:e48e:6000/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::7ea6:279d:2d84:19ea/64 scope link dadfailed tentative noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

配置备keepalived

[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass lijiang
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.205.250
   }
}

virtual_server 192.168.205.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.205.144 8080 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
    
    real_server 192.168.205.147 8080 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@backup ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@backup ~]# systemctl enable keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.
[root@backup ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:6a:fe:0a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.205.147/24 brd 192.168.205.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1324sec preferred_lft 1324sec
    inet6 fe80::9e26:e42:e48e:6000/64 scope link dadfailed tentative noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::7ea6:279d:2d84:19ea/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

让keepalived监控nginx负载均衡机

keepalived通过脚本来监控nginx负载均衡机的状态

在master上编写脚本

[root@master ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@master ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@master scripts]# vim check_nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash

nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
    systemctl stop keepalived
fi
[root@master scripts]# chmod +x check_nginx.sh 
[root@master scripts]# ll
total 4
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 143 Oct  9 20:35 check_nginx.sh

[root@master scripts]# vim notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
case "$1" in
    master)
        nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
            systemctl start nginx
        fi
    ;;  
    backup)
        nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $nginx_status -gt 0 ];then         
            systemctl stop nginx
        fi  
    ;;  
    *)
        echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
    ;;  
esac    
[root@master scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh 
[root@master scripts]# ll
total 8
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 143 Oct  9 20:35 check_nginx.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 418 Oct  9 20:39 notify.sh

在backup上编写脚本

[root@backup ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@backup scripts]# vim notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
case "$1" in
    master)
        nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
            systemctl start nginx
        fi 
    ;;                                                                  
    backup)
        nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $nginx_status -gt 0 ];then
            systemctl stop nginx                                                  fi
    ;;                                                                        *)
        echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
    ;;
esac
[root@backup scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh
[root@backup scripts]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    0 Sep  6 18:49 check_httpd.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  119 Sep  6 18:54 check_proces.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1854 Mar 22  2020 log.py
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  422 Oct  9 20:46 notify.sh

配置keepalived加入监控脚本的配置

配置主keepalived

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_script nginx_check {
    script "/scripts/check_nginx.sh"
    interval 1
    weight -20
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
 auth_pass lijiang
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.205.250
    }
 track_script {
        nginx_check
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master"
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup"
}

virtual_server 192.168.205.250 8080 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.205.144 8080 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 8080
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.205.147 8080 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 8080
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart keepalived

配置备keepalived

[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass lijiang
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.205.250
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master"
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup"
}

virtual_server 192.168.205.250 8080 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.205.144 8080 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 8080
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.205.147 8080 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 8080
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@backup ~]# systemctl restart keepalived

脑裂进行监控脚本

[root@backup ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@backup scripts]# vim check_keepalived.sh
#!/bin/bash

if [ `ip a show ens33 |grep 192.168.205.250|wc -l` -ne 0 ]
then
    echo "keepalived is error!"
else
    echo "keepalived is OK !"
fi   
[root@backup scripts]# chmod +x check_keepalived.sh 

[root@backup scripts]# vim /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
UnsafeUserParameters=1
UserParameter=check_keepalived,/scripts/check_keepalived.sh

添加监控项

添加触发器

选择邮箱媒介

添加动作

测试