OSPF
实验拓扑图:
实验要求:
1、R4为ISP,其上只配置IP地址;R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP;
2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点;
3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分;除了R12有两个环回,其他路由器均有一个环回IP
4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回;
5、减少LSA的更新量,加快收敛,保障更新安全;
6、全网可达;
实验思路:
- 基于172.16.0.0/16进行IP划分,我们可以看到拓扑图中加上RIP区域一共有6个区域,我们可以划分为6个区域,然后在对每个区域物理、虚拟网段有多少来进行划分,作出以下的划分:
area0
总地址:172.16.0.0/19
用户地址:
172.16.0.0/24---P2P
172.16.1.0/24---MA
172.16.2.0/24---R4(环回)
172.16.3.0/24---R5(环回)
172.16.4.0/24---R6(环回)
172.16.5.0/24---R7(环回)
172.16.6.0/24---隧道
area1
总地址:172.16.32.0/19
用户地址:
172.16.32.0/24---P2P
172.16.33.0/24---MA
172.16.34.0/24---R1(环回)
172.16.35.0/24---R2(环回)
172.16.36.0/24---R3(环回)
area2
总地址:172.16.64.0/19
用户地址:
172.16.64.0/24---P2P
172.16.65.0/24---MA
172.16.65.0/30
172.16.65.4/30
172.16.66.0/24---R11(环回)
area3
总地址:172.16.96.0/19
用户地址:
172.16.96.0/24---P2P
172.16.97.0/24---MA
172.16.97.0/30
172.16.97.4/30
172.16.98.0/24---R11(环回)
area4
总地址:172.16.128.0/19
用户地址:
172.16.128.0/24---P2P
172.16.129.0/24---MA
172.16.129.0/30
172.16.130.4/24--R9(环回)
172.16.131.0/24---R11(环回)
- R4为ISP,其上为它配置IP地址;R4与其他所直连设备间配置公有IP,并把每个路由器IP地址等配置;
- 配置OSPF环境,area4中使用重传,配置为进程2;
- 以R3为中心站点,配置R3-R5、R6、R7 MGRE环境;
- 使所有设备均可访问R4的环回,后面进行自动下发默认路由;
- 减少LSA的更新量(路由聚合)加快收敛(更改hello时间)保障更新安全(作区域认证);
- 检查完善,使全网可达;
实验步骤:
R1:
IP配置:
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 24
配置ospf:
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.1 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.34.0 0.0.0.255
配置特殊区域:
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
更改HELLO时间:
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
R2:
IP配置:
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.35.2 24
配置ospf:
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.2 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.35.0 0.0.0.255
配置特殊区域:
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
更改HELLO时间:
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
R3:
IP配置:
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.36.3 24
[R3]int s4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.3 24
配置默认缺省:
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 34.0.0.4
配置ospf:
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.3 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.36.0 0.0.0.255
配置隧道:
[R3]int t0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.3 24
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic
配置隧道ospf:
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
配置隧道:
[R3]int t0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
配置nat:
[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R3-acl-basic-2000]int s4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
路由聚合:
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
配置特殊区域:
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
更改HELLO时间:
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int s4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
R4:
IP配置:
[R4-ISP]int s4/0/0
[R4-ISP-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.4 24
[R4-ISP-Serial4/0/0]
[R4-ISP-Serial4/0/0]int s4/0/1
[R4-ISP-Serial4/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.4 24
[R4-ISP-Serial4/0/1]int s3/0/0
[R4-ISP-Serial3/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.4 24
[R4-ISP-Serial3/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R4-ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.4 24
[R4-ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R4-ISP-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.4 24
更改HELLO时间:
[R4-ISP]int s4/0/0
[R4-ISP-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R4-ISP-Serial4/0/0]int s4/0/1
[R4-ISP-Serial4/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R4-ISP-Serial4/0/1]int s3/0/0
[R4-ISP-Serial3/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R4-ISP-Serial3/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R4-ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
R5:
IP配置:
[R5]int s4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.5 24
[R5-Serial4/0/0]
[R5-Serial4/0/0]int l0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.3.5 24
配置默认缺省:
[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 45.0.0.4
配置ospf:
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255
配置隧道:
[R5]int t0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.5 24
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.36 register
配置隧道ospf:
[R5]ospf 1
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
配置隧道:
[R5]int t0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
配置nat:
[R5]acl 2000
[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R5-acl-basic-2000]int s4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
更改HELLO时间:
[R5]int s4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
R6:
IP配置:
[R6]int s4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.6 24
[R6-Serial4/0/0]
[R6-Serial4/0/0]int l0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.4.6 24
[R6-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.1 30
配置默认缺省:
[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 46.0.0.4
配置ospf:
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R6-ospf-1]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0
配置隧道:
[R6]int t0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.6 24
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.36 register
配置隧道ospf:
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
配置隧道:
[R6]int t0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
配置nat:
[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]int s4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
路由聚合:
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
配置特殊区域:
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
更改HELLO时间:
[R6]int s4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R6-Serial4/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
R7:
IP配置:
[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.7 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.5.7 24
[R7-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.1 30
配置默认缺省:
[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 47.0.0.4
配置ospf:
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
配置隧道:
[R7]int t0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.7 24
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.36 register
配置隧道ospf:
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
配置隧道:
[R7]int t0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
配置nat:
[R7]acl 2000
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
路由聚合:
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
配置特殊区域:
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
更改HELLO时间:
[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
R8:
IP配置:
[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.2 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.5 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.98.8 24
配置ospf:
[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.2 0.0.0.0
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.5 0.0.0.0
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.98.0 0.0.0.255
配置特殊区域:
[R8]ospf 1
[R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
更改HELLO时间:
[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
R9:
IP配置:
[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.6 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/01
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.129.1 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.130.9 24
配置ospf:
[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-1]a 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.6 0.0.0.0
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]q
[R9-ospf-1]q
[R9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-2]a 4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.129.1 0.0.0.0
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.130.0 0.0.0.255
引入域外路由:
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[R9-ospf-1]q
[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1
路由聚合:
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
配置特殊区域:
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]a 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
为R10配置默认缺省:
[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise
更改HELLO时间:
[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
R10:
IP配置:
[R10]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.129.2 30
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.131.10 24
配置ospf:
[R10]ospf 2 router-id 10.10.10.10
[R10-ospf-2]a 4
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.129.2 0.0.0.0
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.131.0 0.0.0.255
更改HELLO时间:
[R10]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
R11:
IP配置:
[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.2 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.65.5 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.66.11 24
配置ospf:
[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.2 0.0.0.0
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.5
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.66.0 0.0.0.255
配置特殊区域:
[R11]ospf 1
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
更改HELLO时间:
[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
R12:
IP配置:
[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.6 30
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.12 24
[R12-LoopBack0]int l1
[R12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.161.12 24
配置ospf:
[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.6 0.0.0.0
配置rip:
[R12]rip 1
[R12-rip-1]v 2
[R12-rip-1]undo summary
[R12-rip-1]net 176.16.0.0
引入域外路由:
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip
路由聚合:
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
配置特殊区域:
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
更改HELLO时间:
[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
配置公网后结果:
私网配置后结果:
隧道配置完成后的ospf表:
引入域外路由结果:
路由聚合后的R1与R3
R1
R3
路由聚合后的lsdb表:
建邻过程:
特殊区域建立后:
R9为R10下发默认缺省:
R10访问R4环回:
所有配置完成后R10 ping R12的环回地址:
所有配置完成后R10 ping ISP的环回地址:
所有配置完成后R10 ping R1:
所有配置完成后R1 ping R12环回地址: