五、STM32F429IGT6 按键输入&EXTI

一、EXTI框图

二、EXTI初始化结构体

三、应用

目标：按键按下时，反转LED状态。

1. 编程流程

• 初始化连接到 EXTI 的 KEY
• 连接 EXTI 中断源 到 key0、key1 引脚
• 初始化EXTI，用于产生中断事件
• 初始化 NVIC，用于处理中断
• 编写中断服务函数

2. 代码总结

• key.c

#include "key.h"

static void KEY_NVIC_Config(void);

void KEY_Config(void)
{
		GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
		EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure;

		RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(KEY0_CLK | KEY1_CLK, ENABLE);			// 开启 GPIO 外设时钟
		RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_SYSCFG, ENABLE);          // 开启 EXTI 时钟
	
		/* 1. 初始化连接到 EXTI 的 KEY  */
		GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode  = GPIO_Mode_IN;        			// 输入模式
		GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd  = GPIO_PuPd_UP;      			    // 确保按键未按下时，GPIO引脚能保持稳定的电平状态。

		GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin   = KEY0_PIN;
		GPIO_Init(KEY0_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);	

		GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin   = KEY1_PIN;
		GPIO_Init(KEY1_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);	
	
		
		/* 连接 EXTI 中断源 到 key0、key1 引脚 */
		SYSCFG_EXTILineConfig(KEY0_EXTI_PORTSOURCE, KEY0_EXTI_PINSOURCE);
	    SYSCFG_EXTILineConfig(KEY1_EXTI_PORTSOURCE, KEY1_EXTI_PINSOURCE);
	
		/* 2. 初始化 EXTI */
	    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode    = EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;      // 中断模式
		EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger = EXTI_Trigger_Falling;     // 下降沿触发
		EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd = ENABLE;                   // 使能
		
		EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line    = KEY0_EXTI_LINE;
		EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);
		
		EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line    = KEY1_EXTI_LINE;
		EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);
		
		/* 3. 初始化 NVIC，用于处理中断 */
		KEY_NVIC_Config();
}	


void KEY_NVIC_Config(void)
{
		NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	
		NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_1);           						// 配置中断优先级分组
	
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;						// 主优先级
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority        = 0;						// 子优先级
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd                = ENABLE;
	
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel                   = KEY0_EXTI_IRQ;           // 中断通道
		NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
	
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel                   = KEY1_EXTI_IRQ;
		NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
}

• key.h

#ifndef __KEY_H
#define __KEY_H

#include "stm32f4xx.h"

#define KEY0_CLK      		         RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOH
#define KEY0_PORT					 GPIOH
#define KEY0_PIN      		         GPIO_Pin_3
#define KEY0_EXTI_LINE    			 EXTI_Line3
#define KEY0_EXTI_PORTSOURCE         EXTI_PortSourceGPIOH
#define KEY0_EXTI_PINSOURCE          EXTI_PinSource3
#define KEY0_EXTI_IRQ         		 EXTI3_IRQn
#define KEY0_EXTI_IRQHANDLER         EXTI3_IRQHandler

#define KEY1_CLK      		         RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOH
#define KEY1_PORT					 GPIOH
#define KEY1_PIN      		         GPIO_Pin_2
#define KEY1_EXTI_LINE    			 EXTI_Line2
#define KEY1_EXTI_PORTSOURCE         EXTI_PortSourceGPIOH
#define KEY1_EXTI_PINSOURCE          EXTI_PinSource2
#define KEY1_EXTI_IRQ         		 EXTI2_IRQn
#define KEY1_EXTI_IRQHANDLER         EXTI2_IRQHandler

void KEY_Config(void);

#endif

• stm32f4xx_it.c文件添加如下内容

#include "key.h"
#include "led.h"

void KEY0_EXTI_IRQHANDLER(void) 
{
		if(EXTI_GetITStatus(KEY0_EXTI_LINE) != RESET)
		{
				LED0_TOGGLE;				    // 翻转LED状态
		}
		
		EXTI_ClearFlag(KEY0_EXTI_LINE);         // 清除中断标志位
}

void KEY1_EXTI_IRQHANDLER(void) 
{
		if(EXTI_GetITStatus(KEY1_EXTI_LINE) != RESET)
		{
				LED1_TOGGLE;
		}
		
		EXTI_ClearFlag(KEY1_EXTI_LINE);
}

• main.c

#include "stm32f4xx.h"
#include "led.h"
#include "key.h"

int main(void) 
{
	  GPIO_Config(); 
		KEY_Config();
	
		while(1)
		{
		}
}

• 编译运行即可