【蓝桥杯嵌入式】HAL库按键单击、双击、长按综合检测(状态机法),STM32G431,CT117E-M4

在蓝桥杯嵌入式赛题中,按键检测几乎每年都考,考到的概率大概就是  单击 > 长按 > 双击。

按键检测有很多方法,比如阻塞法(Delay)外部中断法(EXTI)状态机法等等。

下面先来一张图,介绍一下我的思路。(写字很丑,介意勿喷),如果各位有更好的方法或者我的思路或者代码有问题,欢迎大家指正!

我这次用的是定时中断法(状态机)。

图中的 LONG 和  DOUBLE 是宏定义

#define LONG 100     //长按最低时间要求 100表示100*10ms=1000ms=1.0s

#define DOUBLE 30  //双击时间间隔,30表示30*10ms=300ms=0.3s

time1  和 time2是程序中的用来定时的变量。

下面是一些宏定义和定义的变量等。

#define LONG 100
#define DOUBLE 30

enum
{
  KEY_UP,
  KEY_DE,
  KEY_WA
} keys[4];
bool key_state[4];
bool key_singleflag[4];
bool key_longflag[4];
bool key_doubleflag[4];
bool key_period[4] = {0};
int time1 = 0;
int time2 = 0;

下面是key_scan()函数 按键扫描,key_scan()函数到时候要放到定时器回调函数中。

void key_scan(void)
{
  key_state[0] = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_0);
  key_state[1] = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1);
  key_state[2] = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_2);
  key_state[3] = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0);
  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
  {
    if (!key_period[i]) // 第一状态
    {
      switch (keys[i])
      {
      case KEY_UP:
        if (key_state[i] == GPIO_PIN_RESET)
        {
          keys[i] = KEY_DE;
        }
        break;
      case KEY_DE:
      {
        if (key_state[i] == GPIO_PIN_RESET)
        {
          keys[i] = KEY_WA;
        }
        else
        {
          keys[i] = KEY_UP;
        }
      }
      break;
      case KEY_WA:
      {
        time1++;
        if (key_state[i] == GPIO_PIN_SET)
        {
          if (time1 <= DOUBLE)
          {
            key_period[i] = 1;
            keys[i] = KEY_UP;
            time1 = 0;
          }
          else if (time1 > DOUBLE && time1 < LONG)
          {
            key_singleflag[i] = 1;
            keys[i] = KEY_UP;
            time1 = 0;
          }
          else if (time1 >= LONG)
          {
            key_longflag[i] = 1;
            keys[i] = KEY_UP;
            time1 = 0;
          }
        }
      }
      break;
      default:
        break;
      }
    }
    if (key_period[i])//第二状态
    {
      if (++time2 <= DOUBLE)
      {
        switch (keys[i])
        {
        case KEY_UP:
        {
          if (key_state[i] == GPIO_PIN_RESET)
          {
            keys[i] = KEY_DE;
          }
        }
        break;
        case KEY_DE:
        {
          if (key_state[i] == GPIO_PIN_RESET)
          {
            keys[i] = KEY_WA;
          }
          else
          {
            keys[i] = KEY_UP;
          }
        }
        break;
        case KEY_WA:
        {
          if (key_state[i] == GPIO_PIN_SET)
          {
            keys[i] = KEY_UP;
            if (time2 <= DOUBLE)
            {
              key_doubleflag[i] = 1;
              time2 = 0;
              key_period[i] = 0;
            }

          }
        }
        break;

        default:
          break;
        }
      }
      else
      {
          keys[i]=KEY_UP;
      if(key_state[i]==GPIO_PIN_SET)
        {
        key_singleflag[i] = 1;
        key_period[i] = 0;
        time2 = 0;
        }
 


      }
    }
  }
}

下面是中断回调函数,我用的是TIM4,PSC=80-1     ARR=10000-1

void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
  if(htim->Instance==TIM4)
  {
    key_scan();
  }
}

为了方便大家copy,下面是main.c,为了简便一点,我把所有程序都写在main.c中了


#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
#include "lcd.h"
#include "stdbool.h"
#define LONG 100
#define DOUBLE 30

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
enum
{
  KEY_UP,
  KEY_DE,
  KEY_WA
} keys[4];
bool key_state[4];
bool key_singleflag[4];
bool key_longflag[4];
bool key_doubleflag[4];
bool key_period[4] = {0};
int time1 = 0;
int time2 = 0;
/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
void key_scan(void)
{
  key_state[0] = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_0);
  key_state[1] = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1);
  key_state[2] = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_2);
  key_state[3] = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0);
  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
  {
    if (!key_period[i]) // 第一阶段
    {
      switch (keys[i])
      {
      case KEY_UP:
        if (key_state[i] == GPIO_PIN_RESET)
        {
          keys[i] = KEY_DE;
        }
        break;
      case KEY_DE:
      {
        if (key_state[i] == GPIO_PIN_RESET)
        {
          keys[i] = KEY_WA;
        }
        else
        {
          keys[i] = KEY_UP;
        }
      }
      break;
      case KEY_WA:
      {
        time1++;
        if (key_state[i] == GPIO_PIN_SET)
        {
          if (time1 <= DOUBLE)
          {
            key_period[i] = 1;
            keys[i] = KEY_UP;
            time1 = 0;
          }
          else if (time1 > DOUBLE && time1 < LONG)
          {
            key_singleflag[i] = 1;
            keys[i] = KEY_UP;
            time1 = 0;
          }
          else if (time1 >= LONG)
          {
            key_longflag[i] = 1;
            keys[i] = KEY_UP;
            time1 = 0;
          }
        }
      }
      break;
      default:
        break;
      }
    }
    if (key_period[i])
    {
      if (++time2 <= DOUBLE)
      {
        switch (keys[i])
        {
        case KEY_UP:
        {
          if (key_state[i] == GPIO_PIN_RESET)
          {
            keys[i] = KEY_DE;
          }
        }
        break;
        case KEY_DE:
        {
          if (key_state[i] == GPIO_PIN_RESET)
          {
            keys[i] = KEY_WA;
          }
          else
          {
            keys[i] = KEY_UP;
          }
        }
        break;
        case KEY_WA:
        {
          if (key_state[i] == GPIO_PIN_SET)
          {
            keys[i] = KEY_UP;
            if (time2 <= DOUBLE)
            {
              key_doubleflag[i] = 1;
              time2 = 0;
              key_period[i] = 0;
            }

          }
        }
        break;

        default:
          break;
        }
      }
      else
      {
          keys[i]=KEY_UP;
      if(key_state[i]==GPIO_PIN_SET)
        {
        key_singleflag[i] = 1;
        key_period[i] = 0;
        time2 = 0;
        }
 


      }
    }
  }
}




void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
  if(htim->Instance==TIM4)
  {
    key_scan();
  }
}



char text[20];
/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
 * @brief  The application entry point.
 * @retval int
 */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_TIM4_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
  HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim4);
  LCD_Init();
  LCD_SetBackColor(Black);
  LCD_SetTextColor(White);
  LCD_Clear(Black);
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    if(key_doubleflag[0]==1)
    {
      key_doubleflag[0]=0;
      sprintf(text,"KEY_DOUBLE      ");
      LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line0,(uint8_t *)text);


    }
    else  if(key_longflag[0]==1)
{
            key_longflag[0]=0;
      sprintf(text,"KEY_LONG      ");
      LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line0,(uint8_t *)text);
    }
        else  if(key_singleflag[0]==1)
    {
            key_singleflag[0]=0;
  
      sprintf(text,"KEY_SINGLE      ");
      LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line0,(uint8_t *)text);
    }




    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
 * @brief System Clock Configuration
 * @retval None
 */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
   */
  HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
   * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
   */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = RCC_PLLM_DIV3;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 20;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = RCC_PLLQ_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = RCC_PLLR_DIV2;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
   */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1 | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
 * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
 * @retval None
 */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
 * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
 *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
 * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
 * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
 * @retval None
 */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

实验现象

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