Linux应用开发项目实战---------在线词典

目录

一. 项目需求分析

二. 程序设计流程图

1. 客户端

2. 服务端

三.程序源码

1. 客户端代码

2. 服务端

四. 项目总结与反思

1. 项目知识点总结

（1）网络编程

（2）文件IO

（3）sqlite3数据库

2. 项目中对缓冲区的运用总结 

3. 客户端与服务端的通信结构体二者要一致， 发多少接收多少

---

一. 项目需求分析

1. 要求客户端有注册登录模块, 客户端的数据和相关信息存储在服务器的数据库中

2. 客户端登录成功之后可以查询单词， 服务器将数据库文件中的对应单词的意思发送给客户端

3. 客户端还要求可以查询历史记录

二. 程序设计流程图

1. 客户端

 

2. 服务端

 

三.程序源码

1. 客户端代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>


#define N 64
#define Erro_Handle(msg) do{perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}while(0)
#define DEBUG(msg) printf("======%s=====\n", msg)

//自定义消息类型
enum {
	R, L, Q, H
};
//设置通信结构体
typedef struct _msg {
	int type;
	char name[N];
	char data[256];
	char password[64];

}MSG;

typedef struct sockaddr_in Addr_in;
typedef struct sockaddr Addr;

void do_register(int sockfd, MSG *msg);
int do_login(int sockfd, MSG *msg);
void do_query(int sockfd, MSG *msg);
void do_history(int sockfd, MSG *msg);

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
	int sockfd;
	Addr_in addr;
	
//输入ｏｐｔ
	int opt;
//通信结构体
	MSG msg;

	if(argc < 3) {
		printf("<%s><addr><port>\n", argv[0]);
		exit(0);
	}

	//1. 准备套接字
	if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
		Erro_Handle("sokcet");

	bzero(&addr, sizeof(Addr_in));
	addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
	if(!(inet_aton(argv[1], &addr.sin_addr)))
		Erro_Handle("inet_aton");

	if((connect(sockfd, (Addr *)&addr, sizeof(Addr_in))) < 0)
		Erro_Handle("connect");

	
	//2. 用户交互的界面
	while(1) {
		printf("***********************************************\n");
		printf("*1. register       2. login            3. quit*\n");
		printf("***********************************************\n");
		
		scanf("%d", &opt);
		getchar();           //吃掉回车
		switch(opt) {
		case 1:
			do_register(sockfd, &msg);
			break;
		case 2:
			if((do_login(sockfd, &msg)) == 1)
				goto next;
			break;
		case 3:
			printf("program exit!\n");
			close(sockfd);
			exit(0);

		default:
			printf("Invalid opt !\n");
		}
		
	}

next:
	while(1) {
		printf("***********************************************\n");
		printf("*1, query          2. history          3. qiut*\n");
		printf("***********************************************\n");


		scanf("%d", &opt);
		switch(opt) {
		case 1:
			do_query(sockfd, &msg);
			break;
		case 2:
			do_history(sockfd, &msg);
			break;
		case 3:
			printf("quit!\n");
			exit(0);
		default:
			printf("Invalid opt !\n");
		}
	}
	
	return 0;
}

//注册模块
void do_register(int sockfd, MSG *msg) {
	printf("%s %d\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
	msg->type = R;

	printf("please input your name:");
	scanf("%s", msg->name);
	getchar();
	printf("please input your password:");
	scanf("%s", msg->password);

	if(send(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG), 0) < 0)
		Erro_Handle("send");

	if(recv(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG), 0) < 0)
		Erro_Handle("recv");

	printf("%s\n", msg->data);
	return;
}

//登录模块
int do_login(int sockfd, MSG *msg) {
	printf("%s %d\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
	msg->type = L;

	printf("please your name:");
	scanf("%s", msg->name);
	getchar();
	printf("please input your password:");
	scanf("%s", msg->password);

	if(send(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG), 0) < 0)
		Erro_Handle("send");

	if(recv(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG), 0) < 0)
		Erro_Handle("recv");

	if(strncmp(msg->data, "ok", 2) == 0) {
		printf("login success. \n");
		return 1;
	} else {
		printf("login faile. \n");
	}

	return 0;
}

//查询模块
void do_query(int sockfd, MSG *msg) {
	printf("%s %d\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);

	msg->type = Q;
	while(1) {
		printf("please input you want query word:");
		scanf("%s", msg->data);
		getchar();

		//返回上一级菜单
		if(msg->data[0] == '#')
			break;

		//发送查询单词请求
		if(send(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG), 0) < 0)
			Erro_Handle("send");

		//接收服务端的查询信息
		if(recv(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG), 0) < 0)
			Erro_Handle("recv");

		printf("%s\n", msg->data);
	}
	return ;
}
//查询历史记录模块
void do_history(int sockfd, MSG *msg) {
	printf("%s %d\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
	msg->type = H;
	
	printf("please input you want history of name:");
	scanf("%s", msg->name);
	getchar();

	if(send(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG), 0) < 0)
		Erro_Handle("send");
	
	if(recv(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG), 0) < 0)
		Erro_Handle("recv");

	printf("%s\n", msg->data);

	return ;
}

2. 服务端

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sqlite3.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>

#define N 64
#define BACKLOG 5
#define DATABASE "Dic.db" 
#define Erro_Handle(msg) do{perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}while(0)
#define DEBUG(msg) printf("======%s=====\n", msg)
#define NUM 1024

//自定义消息类型
enum {
	R, L, Q, H
};
//设置通信结构体
typedef struct _msg {
	int type;
	char name[N];
	char data[256];
	char password[64];

}MSG;

typedef struct sockaddr_in Addr_in;
typedef struct sockaddr Addr;

void do_client(int acceptfd, MSG *msg, sqlite3 *db);
void do_register(int acceptfd, MSG *msg, sqlite3 *db);
void do_login(int acceptfd, MSG *msg, sqlite3 *db);
void do_query(int acceptfd, MSG *msg, sqlite3 *db);
void do_history(int acceptfd, MSG *msg, sqlite3 *db);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	sqlite3 *db;
	int sockfd, acceptfd;
	Addr_in addr, peeraddr;
	socklen_t peeraddr_size = sizeof(Addr_in);
	MSG msg;

	int epfd;
	int nfds;         //epoll_wait的返回值，　代表IO准备的数量
	int  i;
	struct epoll_event tmp, events[NUM];

	if((sqlite3_open(DATABASE, &db)) != SQLITE_OK) {
		printf("%s \n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
		return -1;
	} else {
		printf("sqlite3_open success. \n");
	}

	if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
		Erro_Handle("socket");

	//设置套接字属性
	int flag = 1;
	setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &flag, sizeof(int));

	bzero(&addr, sizeof(Addr_in));
	addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
	addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);

	if((bind(sockfd, (Addr *)&addr, sizeof(Addr_in))) < 0)
		Erro_Handle("bind");

	if(listen(sockfd, BACKLOG) < 0)
		Erro_Handle("listen");

	//signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);  //子进程结束就回收
	/*采用epoll IO多路复用*/
	if((epfd = epoll_create(1)) < 0)
		Erro_Handle("epoll_create");
	tmp.data.fd = sockfd;
	tmp.events = EPOLLIN;
	if(epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sockfd, &tmp) < 0)   //将事件tmp结构体加入到events结构体数组中去
		Erro_Handle("epoll_ctl");
	while(1) {
		if((nfds = epoll_wait(epfd, events, NUM, -1)) < 0) {    //看events数组中io就绪的fd数量
			Erro_Handle("epoll_wait");
		}

		for(i = 0; i < nfds; i++) {
			if(events[i].data.fd == sockfd) {
				acceptfd = accept(sockfd, (Addr *)&peeraddr, &peeraddr_size);
				if(acceptfd < 0) {
					Erro_Handle("accept");
				} else {
					printf("[%s %d] connect success.\n", inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr), \
							ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port));
				}
				tmp.data.fd = acceptfd;
				tmp.events = EPOLLIN;
				epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, acceptfd, &tmp);  //把新发生的事件装入到events

			} else {
				bzero(&msg, sizeof(MSG));   //empty structure
				do_client(acceptfd, &msg, db);
			}
		}
	}

	close(sockfd);
	close(acceptfd);

	return 0;
}

void do_client(int acceptfd, MSG *msg, sqlite3 *db) {
	while(recv(acceptfd, msg, sizeof(MSG), 0)) {
		switch(msg->type) {
		case R:
			do_register(acceptfd, msg, db);
			break;
		case L:
			do_login(acceptfd, msg, db);
			break;
		case Q:
			do_query(acceptfd, msg, db);
			break;
		case H:
			do_history(acceptfd, msg, db);
			break;
		default:
			printf("Invalid opt !\n");
			exit(0);
		}	
	}
}

void do_register(int acceptfd, MSG *msg, sqlite3 *db) {
	char sql[128];
	char *errmsg;

	//sql语句字符型的加上引号, 
	sprintf(sql, "insert into usr values('%s', %s);", msg->name, msg->password);
	if((sqlite3_exec(db, sql, NULL, NULL, &errmsg)) != SQLITE_OK) {
		printf("insert failed .\n");
		strcpy(msg->data, "name already");
	} else {
		printf("inser success .\n");
		strcpy(msg->data, "register success.");
	}
	if(send(acceptfd, msg, sizeof(MSG), 0) < 0)
		Erro_Handle("send");

	return ;
}


void do_login(int acceptfd, MSG *msg, sqlite3 *db) {
	char sql[128];
	char *errmsg;
	int row, column;
	char **result;

	sprintf(sql, "select * from usr where name = '%s' and password = '%s'", \
			msg->name, msg->password);

	if((sqlite3_get_table(db, sql, &result, &row, &column, &errmsg)) != SQLITE_OK) {
		printf("%s\n", "sqlite3_get_table failed");
		sprintf(msg->data, "login failed. ");
	} else {
		printf("sqlite3_get_table success.\n");
	}

	if(row == 1) {
		strcpy(msg->data, "ok");
	}
	if(row == 0) {
		strcpy(msg->data, "login failed.");
	}

	if(send(acceptfd, msg, sizeof(MSG), 0) < 0)
		Erro_Handle("send");

	return ;
}

int search_word(int acceptfd, MSG *msg, sqlite3 *db, char word[]) {
	FILE *fp;
	char buf[512];
	int len, result;
	char *p;
	len = strlen(word);

	if((fp = fopen("dict.txt", "r")) == NULL) {
		Erro_Handle("fopen");
		sprintf(msg->data, "fopen");
		send(acceptfd, msg, sizeof(MSG), 0);
	}

	while(fgets(buf, 512, fp) != NULL) {
		result = strncmp(buf, word, len);

		if(result < 0)
			continue;
		//找到的算法
		if(result == 0 && buf[len] == ' ') {
			p = &buf[len];
			while(*p == ' ') {
				p++;
			}
			strcpy(msg->data, p);
			send(acceptfd, msg, sizeof(MSG), 0);
			return 1;
		} 


	}
	strcpy(msg->data, "Not found");
	send(acceptfd, msg, sizeof(MSG), 0);
	return 0;

}

void get_date(char *date) {
	struct tm *t;
	time_t _time;
	
	_time = time(NULL);
	t = localtime(&_time);
	sprintf(date, "%4d-%02d-%02d-%02d-%02d-%02d", t->tm_year + 1900, t->tm_mon + 1, \
			t->tm_mday, t->tm_hour, t->tm_min, t->tm_sec);

#if 0
	struct tm {
		int tm_sec;         /* seconds */
		int tm_min;         /* minutes */
		int tm_hour;        /* hours */
		int tm_mday;        /* day of the month */
		int tm_mon;         /* month */
		int tm_year;        /* year */
		int tm_wday;        /* day of the week */
		int tm_yday;        /* day in the year */
		int tm_isdst;       /* daylight saving time */
	};
#endif

}


//查询模块，　文件IO
void do_query(int acceptfd, MSG *msg, sqlite3 *db) {
	char *word;
	int found;
	char *errmsg;
	char sql[128];
	word = msg->data;
	char date[64];      //获取日期

	found = search_word(acceptfd, msg, db, word);
	printf("查询一个单词完毕\n");
	if(found == 1) {
		/*************************************************/
		printf("query success.\n");
		/*************************************************/

		get_date(date);
		printf("%s\n", date);
		sprintf(sql, "insert into record values('%s', '%s', '%s')", msg->name, date, word);
		if((sqlite3_exec(db, sql, NULL, NULL, &errmsg)) != SQLITE_OK) {
			printf("sqlite3_exec insert record failed.\n");
			return;
		}else {
			printf("insert record success.\n");
		}

	} else {
		printf("client query failed.\n");
	}
	return ;
}

#if 0
void do_history(int acceptfd, MSG *msg, sqlite3 *db) {	
	char sql[128];
	char *errmsg;
	char **result;
	int row, column, index, i, j;
	int len = 0;

	sprintf(sql, "select * from record where name = '%s'", msg->name);
	if((sqlite3_get_table(db, sql, &result, &row, &column, &errmsg)) != SQLITE_OK) {
		printf("sqlite3_get_table failed.\n");
		return ;
	} else {
		printf("select record success.\n");
		index = column;
		/************************************/
		printf("%d %d\n", row, column);
		/************************************/
		for(i = 0; i < row; i++) {
			for(j = 0; j < column; j++) {
				len = len + strlen(result[index]);
				sprintf(&msg->data[len], "%s | ", result[index++]);
				printf("%s | ", result[index++]);
			}
			putchar(10);
		}
		send(acceptfd, msg, sizeof(MSG), 0);
	}

	return ;
}
#endif

int CallBack_history(void* arg,int ncolumns ,char** f_value,char** f_name) {
	int acceptfd;
	MSG msg;
	acceptfd = *((int *)arg);

	sprintf(msg.data, "%s %s", f_value[1], f_value[2]);
	send(acceptfd, &msg, sizeof(MSG), 0);

	return 0;
}

void do_history(int acceptfd, MSG *msg, sqlite3 *db) {
	char sql[128];
	char *errmsg;

	sprintf(sql, "select * from record where name = '%s';", msg->name);
	if(sqlite3_exec(db, sql, CallBack_history, (void *)&acceptfd, &errmsg) != SQLITE_OK) {
		printf("select record failed.\n");
		sprintf(msg->data, "select record failed.");
		send(acceptfd, msg, sizeof(MSG), 0);
	} else {
		printf("select record success.\n");
	}
}

四. 项目总结与反思

1. 项目知识点总结

（1）网络编程

               a.socket创建通信

               b.epoll IO多路复用

               c.设置套接字属性

（2）文件IO

               a. fgets

               b. 文件IO ， 标准IO

（3）sqlite3数据库

               a. sql语句

               b.sqlite3函数接口

2. 项目中对缓冲区的运用总结 

（1）

如上图， 定义一些指针变量， 往这个指针变量里面拷贝数据， 运行之后段错误。

为什么呢？  原因是这样， 我们常常可以看到这样的代码

char *p = "hello";

这里需要了解双引号的作用：它实际上干了这么三件事情：

（1）在常量区给字符串申请空间

（2）在字符串末尾加‘\0’

（3）返回字符串的首地址

所以指针p只是保存了字符串的首地址当然没问题， 空间也是申请好的， 可要是像图（1）那样给一个指针拷贝一串数据就对内存非法访问了， 没有空间对吧。

3. 客户端与服务端的通信结构体二者要一致， 发多少接收多少