为请求创建了一个接收者对象的链。这种模式给予请求的类型,对请求的发送者和接收者进行解耦。这种类型的设计模式属于行为型模式。在这种模式中,通常每个接收者都包含对另一个接收者的引用。如果一个对象不能处理该请求,那么它会把相同的请求传给下一个接收者,依此类推。
一、UML类图
二、代码示例
处理器抽象类
public abstract class Logger {
public static int INFO = 1, DEBUG = 2, ERROR = 3;
public Logger(int level) {
this.level = level;
}
protected int level;
protected Logger next;
protected static Logger link(Logger first, Logger ... loggers) {
Logger head = first;
for(Logger logger : loggers) {
head.next = logger;
head = logger;
}
return first;
}
public void logMessage(int level, String message) {
if (this.level <= level)
write(message);
if (next != null)
next.logMessage(level, message);
}
abstract protected void write(String message);
}
处理器类
public class ConsoleLogger extends Logger {
public ConsoleLogger(int level) {
super(level);
}
protected void write(String message) {
System.out.println("Console::logger: " + message);
}
}
public class DebugLogger extends Logger {
public DebugLogger(int level) {
super(level);
}
protected void write(String message) {
System.out.println("Debug::logger: " + message);
}
}
public class ErrorLogger extends Logger {
public ErrorLogger(int level) {
super(level);
}
protected void write(String message) {
System.out.println("Error::logger: " + message);
}
}
客户类
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Logger conLogger = new ConsoleLogger(Logger.INFO);
Logger debLogger = new DebugLogger(Logger.DEBUG);
Logger errLogger = new ErrorLogger(Logger.ERROR);
Logger linkedLogger = Logger.link(conLogger, debLogger, errLogger);
linkedLogger.logMessage(Logger.INFO, "this is normal information");
System.out.println("-----------");
linkedLogger.logMessage(Logger.DEBUG, "this is debug information");
System.out.println("-----------");
linkedLogger.logMessage(Logger.ERROR, "this is error information");
}
}
运行结果
Console::logger: this is normal information
-----------
Console::logger: this is debug information
Debug::logger: this is debug information
-----------
Console::logger: this is error information
Debug::logger: this is error information
Error::logger: this is error information
Process finished with exit code 0
三、参考
- https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/chain-of-responsibility/java/example
- https://www.runoob.com/design-pattern/chain-of-responsibility-pattern.html
- https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/chain-responsibility-design-pattern/
- https://www.javatpoint.com/chain-of-responsibility-pattern
设计模式系列博文导航
一、创建型 - 5种
原型模式(Prototype Pattern)
抽象工厂模式(Abstract Factory Pattern)
建造者模式(Builder Pattern)
工厂模式(Factory Pattern)
单例模式(Singleton Pattern)
助记语:原抽建工单
二、结构型 - 8种
享元模式(Flyweight Pattern)
代理模式(Proxy Pattern)
适配器模式(Adapter Pattern)
外观模式(Facade Pattern)
过滤器模式(Filter/Criteria Pattern)
桥接模式(Bridge Pattern)
组合模式(Composite Pattern)
装饰器模式(Decorator Pattern)
助记语:想呆室外,过桥组装
三、行为型 - 11种
责任链模式(Chain of Responsibility Pattern)
命令模式(Command Pattern)
解释器模式(Interpreter Pattern)
中介者模式(Mediator Pattern)
迭代器模式(Iterator Pattern)
观察者模式(Observer Pattern)
策略模式(Strategy Pattern)
状态模式(State Pattern)
备忘录模式(Memento Pattern)
模板方法模式(Template Pattern)
访问者模式(Visitor Pattern)
助记语:责令解中谍,观测状被模仿