机器学习5：KNN

机器学习5：KNN

KNN

原理

为了判断未知实例的类别，以所有已知类别的实例作为
参照选择参数K
计算未知实例与所有已知实例的距离
选择最近K个已知实例
根据少数服从多数的投票法则(majority-voting)，让
未知实例归类为K个最邻近样本中最多数的类别

算法缺点

算法实现

Iris数据集

手工实现

# 导入算法包以及数据集
import numpy as np
from sklearn import datasets
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report,confusion_matrix
import operator
import random

def knn(x_test, x_data, y_data, k):
    # 计算样本数量
    x_data_size = x_data.shape[0]
    # 复制x_test
    np.tile(x_test, (x_data_size,1))
    # 计算x_test与每一个样本的差值
    diffMat = np.tile(x_test, (x_data_size,1)) - x_data
    # 计算差值的平方
    sqDiffMat = diffMat**2
    # 求和
    sqDistances = sqDiffMat.sum(axis=1)
    # 开方
    distances = sqDistances**0.5
    # 从小到大排序
    sortedDistances = distances.argsort()
    classCount = {}
    for i in range(k):
        # 获取标签
        votelabel = y_data[sortedDistances[i]]
        # 统计标签数量
        classCount[votelabel] = classCount.get(votelabel,0) + 1
    # 根据operator.itemgetter(1)-第1个值对classCount排序，然后再取倒序
    sortedClassCount = sorted(classCount.items(),key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True)
    # 获取数量最多的标签
    return sortedClassCount[0][0]

# 载入数据
iris = datasets.load_iris()
x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test = train_test_split(iris.data, iris.target, test_size=0.2) #分割数据0.2为测试数据，0.8为训练数据

#打乱数据
# data_size = iris.data.shape[0]
# index = [i for i in range(data_size)] 
# random.shuffle(index)  
# iris.data = iris.data[index]
# iris.target = iris.target[index]

#切分数据集
# test_size = 40
# x_train = iris.data[test_size:]
# x_test =  iris.data[:test_size]
# y_train = iris.target[test_size:]
# y_test = iris.target[:test_size]

predictions = []
for i in range(x_test.shape[0]):
    predictions.append(knn(x_test[i], x_train, y_train, 5))

print(classification_report(y_test, predictions))

sklearn实现

# 导入算法包以及数据集
from sklearn import neighbors
from sklearn import datasets
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report
import random

# 载入数据
iris = datasets.load_iris()
print(iris)

# 打乱数据切分数据集
x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test = train_test_split(iris.data, iris.target, test_size=0.2) #分割数据0.2为测试数据，0.8为训练数据

#打乱数据
# data_size = iris.data.shape[0]
# index = [i for i in range(data_size)] 
# random.shuffle(index)  
# iris.data = iris.data[index]
# iris.target = iris.target[index]

#切分数据集
# test_size = 40
# x_train = iris.data[test_size:]
# x_test =  iris.data[:test_size]
# y_train = iris.target[test_size:]
# y_test = iris.target[:test_size]

# 构建模型
model = neighbors.KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=3)
model.fit(x_train, y_train)
prediction = model.predict(x_test)

print(classification_report(y_test, prediction))