std::map更新数值前是否需要初始化

ISO/IEC 14882 §23.4.4.3

T& operator[](const key_type& x);

1. Effects: If there is no key equivalent to x in the map, inserts value_type(x, T()) into the map.
2. Requires: key_type shall be CopyConstructible and mapped_type shall be DefaultConstructible.
3. Returns: A reference to the mapped_type corresponding to x in *this.
4. Complexity: logarithmic.

So, not only is it guaranteed, but evaluating myMap["Hey"] also causes the value 0 to be inserted into the map, if there was no entry for it before.

所以，对于std::map可以直接进行加减，不需要初始化：

int main()
{
     std::map<std::string, int> wordCount;
     ifstream input;
     input.imbue(std::locale(std::locale(), new letter_only())); //enable reading only letters!
     input.open("filename.txt");
     std::string word;
     while(input >> word)
     {
         ++wordCount[word];
     }
     for (std::map<std::string, int>::iterator it = wordCount.begin(); it != wordCount.end(); ++it)
     {
           cout << it->first <<" : "<< it->second << endl;
     }
}