2.1 图像处理框架搭建一之图像的输入输出

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#define path '添加你的图片路径'
#define BM 19778
typdef struct functions
{
  int IsBitMap(FILE *fp);//判断是否是bmp图片
  long getWidth(FILE *fp);//获取图像的宽
  long getHeight(FILE *fp);//获取图像的高
  unsigned short getBit(FILE *fp);//获得每个像素的位数
  unsigned int getOffSet(FILE *fp);//获得数据的起始位置，即数据偏移量
  void getData(FILE* fp, unsigned char *r, unsigned char *g, unsigned char *b)//获取图片的DIB数据
}

int IsBitMap(FILE *fp)//判断是否是bmp图片
{
  FILE *fp=fopen(path,'rb');
  unsign short s;
  fread(&s,1,2,fp);
  if(s==BM)   return 1;
  else
  return 0;
}
//获得图片的宽度,在18-21字节   
long getWidth(FILE *fp)
{
    long width;
    fseek(fp, 18, SEEK_SET);
    fread(&width, 1, 4, fp);
    return width;
}
//获得图片的高度 ，在22-25字节   
long getHeight(FILE *fp)
{
    long height;
    fseek(fp, 22, SEEK_SET);
    fread(&height, 1, 4, fp);
    return height;
}
//获得每个像素的位数,在28-29字节   
unsigned short getBit(FILE *fp)
{
    unsigned short bit;
    fseek(fp, 28, SEEK_SET);
    fread(&bit, 1, 2, fp);
    return bit;
}
//获得数据的起始位置  
unsigned int getOffSet(FILE *fp)
{
    unsigned int OffSet;
    fseek(fp, 10L, SEEK_SET);
    fread(&OffSet, 1, 4, fp);
    return OffSet;
}
//获得三通道的数组
void getData(FILE* fp, unsigned char *r, unsigned char *g, unsigned char *b)
{
    FILE* fpr;
    FILE* fpg;
    FILE* fpb;
    int i, j = 0;
    int stride;
    unsigned char* pix = NULL;
    long height, width;
    height = getHeight(fp);
    width = getWidth(fp);

    fseek(fp, getOffSet(fp), SEEK_SET); //找到位图的数据区   
    stride = (24 * width + 31) / 8; //对齐,计算一个width有多少个8位   
    stride = stride / 4 * 4;      //取四的倍数 r,g,b,alph   
                                  //写入数组   
    pix = (unsigned char *)malloc(stride*height);
    fpr = fopen("d:\\bmpr.txt", "w+");
    fpg = fopen("d:\\bmpg.txt", "w+");
    fpb = fopen("d:\\bmpb.txt", "w+");
    fread(pix, 1, stride*height, fp);
    for (j = 0; j<height; j++)
    {
        for (i = 0; i<width; i++)
        {
            fprintf(fpr, "%4d", pix[((height - j - 1)* width + i) * 3 + 2]);
            fprintf(fpg, "%4d", pix[((height - j - 1)* width + i) * 3 + 1]);
            fprintf(fpb, "%4d", pix[((height - j - 1)* width + i) * 3]);
        }
        fprintf(fpr, "\n");
        fprintf(fpg, "\n");
        fprintf(fpb, "\n");
    }
    //写入文件   
    fclose(fpr);
    fclose(fpg);
    fclose(fpb);
}
int main()
{
    long width, height;
    FILE *fp = fopen(PATH, "r");
    unsigned char *r, *g, *b;
    int i, j;
    r = (unsigned char *)malloc(8000);
    b = (unsigned char *)malloc(8000);
    g = (unsigned char *)malloc(8000);
    if (IsBitMap(fp))
        printf("该文件是位图!\n");
    else
    {
        printf("该文件不是位图!\n");
        fclose(fp);
        return 0;
    }
    printf("width=%ld\nheight=%ld\n", getWidth(fp), getHeight(fp));
    printf("该图像是%d位图\n", getBit(fp));
    printf("OffSet=%d\n", getOffSet(fp));
    getData(fp, r, g, b);

    return (0);
}