*分词可分为现在分词(Ving)及过去分词(p.p)
现在分词
1,现在进行时,am/is/are +Ving
2,表"动作"的进行
The girl is talking with me.
3,表主动
The girl having long hair is Mary.
过去分词
1,表动作的完成,David has just used the pen.
①现在完成时,have/has + p.p
②过去完成时,had + p.p
2,表被动
This is the pen used by David.
The pen was used by David.
3,规则变化,不规则变化
walk->walked->walked
bite->bit->bitten
现在分词的形容词用法
1,现在分词+名词,表动作进行,状态,主动
Don't wake the sleeping baby.
This rising sun is very beautiful. 动作进行
2,名词+现在分词+修饰语,后位修饰
I saw a man working in the garden.
I saw a girl playing the piano on the stage. play运行,play the 乐器
I saw child sleeping on the grass.
过去分词的形容词用法
1,过去分词+名词
I found the lost pen.
I found the pen lost by Tom.
She bought a used car.
I bought that car used by Tom.
2,过去分词形容词用法,表被动
a spoken language. a decayed tooth.蛀牙
a wounded soldier. a boied egg.
boiling water.正在沸腾的水 boiled water开水
3,过去分词形容词用法,表完成
fallen leaves.落叶 falling leaves.正在掉落的叶子
the risen sun. the rising sun.日出
a faded flower.凋谢的花 a retired teacher.退休
4,名词+过去分词+修饰语
This is a picture painted about 200 years old.
We have some story books written is easy English.
名词+现在分词+修饰语句
1,当主词
The woman sitting in the middle is Bob's mother.坐在中间的女士是Bob的母亲。
Some of the people waiting for the bus became angry. 等公车中的有些人变得很生所。
2,当受词
I know the boy running in the Park. 我认识在公园跑步的男孩。
Do you have any friends living in Japan? 你有任何住在日本的朋友吗?
3,当补语
The subway is the railway running under the ground. 地铁是地下行驶的铁路。地铁subway(美)/underground(英)
A nurse is a person taking care of sick people. 护士是照顾病人的人。可数名词在句子中要表现出单复数。
名词+过去分词+修饰语句
1,当主词
The language spoke in America is English. 美国说的语言是英语。
2,当受词
I looked at a lot of pictures taken in Kenting. 我看了许多在垦丁拍的照片。
3,当补语
This is a dress made for her.
比较
1,现在分词当形容词用,表a.动作进行,b.主动
The girl drawing the picture is my sister. 画这幅画的女孩是我姐姐。
2,过去分词当形容词用,表a.动作完成,b.被动
The picture drawn by my sister. 这幅我姐姐所画的画不错。
分词的其他用法
1,S + V + 现在分词(当补语)
①keep + 现在分词:表动作的持续或重复
He kept standing for three hours.
The dog kept barking all night. 那只狗整晚叫不停。叫...(名字) call,叫...(做什么事情) have
②come ( stand, sit...等) + 现在分词 -> 表两动作同时进行
The children came running to meet us.
Jack looking at monkey.
2,S + V + O + 现在分词(当受词补语), hear, see, feel, keep, leave等感官动词
I saw her crossing the road.
Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain.
3,S + V + O + 过去分词(当受词补语), make, have, let等使役动词
I could not made myself understood in English.
She heard her name calling.
I had my hair cut.
4,比较
Tom's hobby is painting.
I am painting.