英语学习详细笔记（九）分词

*分词可分为现在分词（Ving）及过去分词（p.p）

现在分词

1，现在进行时，am/is/are +Ving

2，表"动作"的进行

The girl is talking with me.

3，表主动

The girl having long hair is Mary.

过去分词

1，表动作的完成，David has just used the pen.

①现在完成时，have/has + p.p

②过去完成时，had + p.p

2，表被动

This is the pen used by David.

The pen was used by David.

3，规则变化，不规则变化

walk->walked->walked

bite->bit->bitten

现在分词的形容词用法

1，现在分词+名词，表动作进行，状态，主动

Don't wake the sleeping baby.

This rising sun is very beautiful. 动作进行

2，名词+现在分词+修饰语，后位修饰

I saw a man working in the garden.

I saw a girl playing the piano on the stage.  play运行，play the 乐器

I saw child sleeping on the grass.

过去分词的形容词用法

1，过去分词+名词

I found the lost pen.

I found the pen lost by Tom.

She bought a used car.

I bought that car used by Tom.

2，过去分词形容词用法，表被动

a spoken language.   a decayed tooth.蛀牙

a wounded soldier.    a boied egg.

boiling water.正在沸腾的水   boiled water开水

3，过去分词形容词用法，表完成

fallen leaves.落叶     falling leaves.正在掉落的叶子

the risen sun.           the rising sun.日出

a faded flower.凋谢的花   a retired teacher.退休

4，名词+过去分词+修饰语

This is a picture painted about 200 years old.

We have some story books written is easy English.

名词+现在分词+修饰语句

1，当主词

The woman sitting in the middle is Bob's mother.坐在中间的女士是Bob的母亲。

Some of the people waiting for the bus became angry. 等公车中的有些人变得很生所。

2，当受词

I know the boy running in the Park. 我认识在公园跑步的男孩。

Do you have any friends living in Japan? 你有任何住在日本的朋友吗？

3，当补语

The subway is the railway running under the ground. 地铁是地下行驶的铁路。地铁subway(美)/underground(英)

A nurse is a person taking care of sick people. 护士是照顾病人的人。可数名词在句子中要表现出单复数。

名词+过去分词+修饰语句

1，当主词

The language spoke in America is English. 美国说的语言是英语。

2，当受词

I looked at a lot of pictures taken in Kenting. 我看了许多在垦丁拍的照片。

3，当补语

This is a dress made for her.

比较

1，现在分词当形容词用，表a.动作进行，b.主动

The girl drawing the picture is my sister. 画这幅画的女孩是我姐姐。

2，过去分词当形容词用，表a.动作完成，b.被动

The picture drawn by my sister. 这幅我姐姐所画的画不错。

分词的其他用法

1，S + V + 现在分词(当补语)

①keep + 现在分词：表动作的持续或重复

He kept standing for three hours.

The dog kept barking all night.  那只狗整晚叫不停。叫...(名字) call，叫...(做什么事情) have

②come ( stand, sit...等) + 现在分词 -> 表两动作同时进行

The children came running to meet us.

Jack looking at monkey.

2，S + V + O + 现在分词(当受词补语), hear, see, feel, keep, leave等感官动词

I saw her crossing the road.

Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain.

3，S + V + O + 过去分词(当受词补语), make, have, let等使役动词

I could not made myself understood in English.

She heard her name calling.

I had my hair cut.

4，比较

Tom's hobby is painting.

I am painting.