英语写作中however 、nevertheless 、nonetheless、unfortunately 、instead 等其他类副词及具有副词功能的短语用法

一、转折类:however 、nevertheless 、nonetheless、unfortunately 、instead 

这些副词中只有instead 的使用稍有难度,所以只给出instead 的用法例句:We didn’t improve the old protocol. Instead, we conceived a new one.(我们没有改进旧协议,我们设计了一个新协议。)

二、程度类一:always 、invariably 、nearly、almost 、virtually 、certainly 、inevitably 、

写作中为了体现词汇使用能力,可以用invariably 代替always ,用virtually 代替almost 和nearly ,用inevitably 代替certainly 。

但nearly与数字一起时不能代替。

例如:We have obtained nearly 10,000 samples.(我们得到了几乎10,000个样本。)不能写为:We have obtained virtually 10,000 samples.

特别是nearly 和数字一起在句首时不能替换,例如:Nearly 1000 people came.绝不能写成:Virtually 1000 people came.

这类副词用法简单,不再给出例句。

科技写作中避免使用surely、definitely 、absolutely等这类在口语中加强语气的副词。

三、程度类二:comparatively、relatively

写作时建议在形容词high、strong 、large 、easy、expensive 、low、week等前面加comparatively 或relatively ,表明是比较得出的结果,符合科学态度,例如:Our design achieves relatively high efficiency.(我们的设计方案实现了相当高的效率。)

四、程度类三:slightly、drastically、significantly等

按程度排列:slightly 、significantly 、drastically (轻微地、明显地、激烈地)。例句:The price fluctuated slightly/drastically.(价格轻微/激烈波动。)

significantly 是常用的中性副词,意思为“明显地、严重地”,例如:The products increase significantly.(产品增加明显。)The computer is damaged significantly.(这台计算机已经严重损坏。)IT has transformed our world significantly .(IT很大程度上改变了我们的世界。)

五、引起下文类:specifically 、concretely。

这两个副词引出下面的具体描述,注意不要滥用。

六、次序类 first 、second 、finally 、eventually 

与first、second 相对应的是finally。

eventually 的意思是“最终”,比较少用,其用法例句:Eventually, we achieved the set target.(最终我们实现了既定目标。)

论文写作中避免用at last,它是渲染努力过程的艰苦。

七、表明“实际上”的短语:in reality 、in practice 、in read world 、in fact ,例如:In reality/in practice, a mobile device is power restrained.(实际上,移动设备是功率受限的。)In read world, we can’t have unlimited power of computation.(在现实世界中,我们不可能得到无限算力。)In fact, every effort is taken to obtain satisfactory results.(实际上,为了取得满意结果,所有努力都尝试了。)

八、目的类:to this end 

例句:To this end, we introduced a new primitive.(为了实现这个目的,我们引入了一个新原语。)

九、最后说明,副词already 是具有明显强调意味的副词,在论文写作中使用是不妥的。中文里的“已经”意思已经包含在完成时态了。

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an an iterative solver is a method that solves a problem by repeatedly refining an initial guess until a desired accuracy is achieved. It is typically used for models with large and complex systems of equations, where it is difficult or time-consuming to solve the problem directly. On the other hand, a direct solver directly computes the exact solution to a problem by solving the equations in a single step. It is typically used for models with smaller and less complex systems of equations, where the computational cost of solving the problem directly is reasonable. In the case of this model, an iterative solver was chosen. This decision was likely made based on the nature and complexity of the equations involved. Iterative solvers are known for their ability to handle large and complex systems of equations more efficiently than direct solvers. They can provide approximate solutions with acceptable accuracy, even for problems where a direct solution is possible. However, it is important to note that using a direct solver could potentially result in a more accurate solution, as it computes the exact solution to the problem. If computational resources and time were not constraints, a direct solver may have been a preferred choice. Nevertheless, the iterative solver was deemed sufficient and satisfactory for the purposes of this model, considering the constraints and trade-offs involved. Overall, the choice between an iterative solver and a direct solver depends on the specific characteristics of the model and the desired level of accuracy within the given computational resources and time constraints.

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