英语写作中“声称”claim、declare、assert的用法

一、在论文写作中，claim一般用于声称存疑的观点，可以翻译为“声称”、“认为”。例如：

People claimed that the earth was flat in ancient times.（古代人们声称（认为）大地是平的。）

Newton claimed that the space and time were absolute, whereas Einstein supposed that the space and time are relative.（牛顿认为（声称）时空是绝对的，但爱因斯坦认为时空是相对的。）

The authors claimed that their scheme resists against replay attacks. However they failed to conduct rigorous security analysis to justify their conclusion.（作者声称（认为）他们的方案抵御重放攻击，但他们没有做严格的安全性分析来证明这一点。）

For many years, people even claimed that artificial neural networks were not a solution to AI. （很多年里，人们甚至声称（认为）人工神经网络不是AI的解决方案。）

二、claim是声称观点，而declare 是声称（宣布）一件事情。例如：

In TCP protocol, when the receiver receives the packet, he will send an acknowledgment to the sender and declare that he succeeds in receiving. （在TCP协议中，当接收者收到数据包后，他向发送者发一个确认，声称他成功收到了。）

A user needs to show his token and declare that he is a valid user. （用户需要出示他的令牌来声称他是合法用户。）

A user can declare that he belongs to a group if he shares the same……with any member of it.（用户可以声称属于一个组，如果他与任何组成员共享……）

At the key moment, he nodded his head and declared his agreement.（在关键时刻，他点头表明他的同意。）

三、assert是坚定声称自己的观点，语气与科技论文不符，在科技论文写作中很少使用。在编程中会使用assert声明一个断言，但这不是本文所涉及的。

（例句原创。）