Section 7 用户输入和While 循环

1 input()输入函数

 message = input("Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:");
 print(message)

#由于sublime Text 不支持在打印界面输入输出，在终端运行命令
C:\Users\17315>D:\Users\17315\Desktop\python_work\7.py
Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:6
6

该函数令程序暂停，并输出一段自定义提示prompt，待用户输入任意元素后，函数将其赋值给一个自定义变量。

1）当提示语句太长时，可将提示语句赋值通过 自加符合 += 分段赋值给自定义变量，如下所示：

prompt = "If you tell us who you are, we can personalized the messages you see."
prompt += "\nWhat is your first name?\n"
name = input (prompt)
print(f"\nHello,{name}!")

output:
C:\Users\17315>D:\Users\17315\Desktop\python_work\7.py
If you tell us who you are, we can personalized the messages you see.
What is your first name?
li

Hello,li!

2）当希望输入值用于数值比较时，则需要用到int()函数

height = input("How tall you are, in inches?")
if int(height) >= 48:
    print("\nYou are tall enough to ride!")
else:
    print("You will be able to ride when you're a little older")

output:
C:\Users\17315>D:\Users\17315\Desktop\python_work\7.py
How tall you are, in inches?15
You will be able to ride when you're a little older

3）求模运算 运算符：%，即求余运算符号，只返回余数值，当被整除时返回0

number = input("Enter a number, and I will tell you if it's even or odd.\n")
if int(number) % 2 == 0:
    print(f"The number:{int(number)} is even")
else:
    print(f"The number:{int(number)} is odd")

output:
C:\Users\17315>D:\Users\17315\Desktop\python_work\7.py
Enter a number, and I will tell you if it's even or odd.
31
The number:31 is odd

2 While 循环  即 01判断，若为真，则返回1，否则返回0，python中可用True or False 表示

while current_number <= 5:
    current_number += 1
    print(current_number)

output:

C:\Users\17315>D:\Users\17315\Desktop\python_work\7.py
2
3
4
5
6

1)  通过定义“退出值”，当输入退出值时，循环结束

prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:\n"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program\n"
message = "" #赋予变量message 一个空字符，使while循环开始运行
while message != 'quit':
    message = input(prompt)
    if message !='quit':
        print(message)

output:

C:\Users\17315>D:\Users\17315\Desktop\python_work\7.py

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:

Enter 'quit' to end the program
nothing is better!
nothing is better!

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:

Enter 'quit' to end the program
quit

2)通过使用标志变量使程序停止运行

prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:\n"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program\n"
active = True
while active:
    message = input(prompt)
    if message =="quit":
        active = False
    else:
        print(message)

output:

C:\Users\17315>D:\Users\17315\Desktop\python_work\7.py

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:

Enter 'quit' to end the program
sss
sss

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:

Enter 'quit' to end the program
quit

3)使用break退出循环 退出后不再进行循环

prompt = "\nPlease enter the name of a city you have visited:"
prompt += "\nPlease enter 'quit' when you are finished\n"
while True:
    city = input(prompt)
    if city != 'quit':
        print(f"I'd love to go to {city.title()}")
    else:
        break

output:

C:\Users\17315>D:\Users\17315\Desktop\python_work\7.py

Please enter the name of a city you have visited:
Please enter 'quit' when you are finished
wuhan
I'd love to go to Wuhan

Please enter the name of a city you have visited:
Please enter 'quit' when you are finished
quit

4）continue 当满足某一条件测试的情况下，返回循环开头，重新测试

current_number = 1
while current_number < 20:
    current_number += 1
    if current_number % 2 == 0:
        continue
    print(current_number)

output:
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
[Finished in 109ms]

 提示：一定要在While循环中设置循环终止的条件，避免无限循环，一般按CTRL+C或关闭输出界面的方式结束无限循环

3 用While 循环处理列表和字典

1) 移动列表元素

unconfirmed_users = ['alice','brain','candace']
confirmed_users = []

while unconfirmed_users:
    current_user = unconfirmed_users.pop()
    print(f"Verifying user:{current_user.title()}")
    confirmed_users.append(current_user)
confirmed_users.reverse() #将顺序调整一致
print(confirmed_users)


output:
Verifying user:Candace
Verifying user:Brain
Verifying user:Alice
['alice', 'brain', 'candace']
[Finished in 109ms]

2）删除为特定值的所有列表元素

pets = ['dog','cat','dog','cat','cat','pig','fox']
print(pets,"\n")
while 'cat' in pets: #自动查找列表中的'cat'
    pets.remove('cat')
print(pets)

output:

['dog', 'cat', 'dog', 'cat', 'cat', 'pig', 'fox'] 

['dog', 'dog', 'pig', 'fox']
[Finished in 109ms]

3)使用用户来填充字典

responses = {}
active = True
while active:
    name = input("What is your name?")
    response = input("Which one is your favorite moutain?")
    responses[name] = response #确立键值对关系
    repeat = input("Would you like to let another person respond?(Yes or No)\n")
    if repeat.title() == 'No':
        active = False
print ("\t--- Poll Results ---\n")
for name,response in responses.items():
    print(f"{name.title()} would you like climb {response}")

output:

C:\Users\17315>D:\Users\17315\Desktop\python_work\7.py
What is your name?li
Which one is your favorite moutain?huashan
Would you like to let another person respond?(Yes or No)
no
        --- Poll Results ---

Li would you like climb huashan