android开发--ListView&Adapter

1.ArrayAdapter的使用:
(1)创建ListView的布局文件

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.min.listadapter.MainActivity" >

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/lv"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>

(2)主函数直接调用

package com.min.listadapter;

import android.app.ActionBar;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        // 建字符数组
        String[] data = new String[] { "one", "two", "three", "four", "five",
                "six", "seven", "eight"

        };

        // 创建ArrayAdapter,第一个参数是上下文,第二个是资源,第三个字符数组
        ArrayAdapter<String> arrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
                android.R.layout.simple_list_item_single_choice, data);

        // 为ListView 设置Adapter
        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv);
        listView.setAdapter(arrayAdapter);
        // 设置单选
        listView.setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE);
        // 事件监听
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int arg2,
                    long arg3) {
                ActionBar actionBar = getActionBar();
                actionBar.setTitle("YOU CLICK:" + arg2);

            }
        });
    }

}

效果图:

2.SimpleAdapter的使用:
相比ArrayAdapter,SimpleAdapter可以自定义布局文件来显示ListView中的item
(1)listview的布局文件:activity_main.xml:

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.min.listview.MainActivity" >

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/lv"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp" />

</LinearLayout>

(2)自定义的用于显示listview每项item的布局文件layout_simpleadapter.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="horizontal" >

    <ImageView
        android:contentDescription="@string/picture"
        android:id="@+id/iv"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
        android:layout_weight="1"/>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="5" 
        android:orientation="vertical">
        <TextView android:id="@+id/tv1"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
        <TextView android:id="@+id/tv2"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
    </LinearLayout>
    <TextView android:id="@+id/tv3"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"/>

</LinearLayout>

(3)主函数:

package com.min.listview;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;

import android.app.ActionBar;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.SimpleAdapter;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        // 建立HashMap数组,每个haspmap用来存放一张图片,3个string字符
        ArrayList<HashMap<String, Object>> lists = new ArrayList<HashMap<String, Object>>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            HashMap<String, Object> hashMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
            hashMap.put("picture", R.drawable.ic_launcher);
            hashMap.put("name", "NO." + i);
            hashMap.put("say", "tell the number:" + i);
            hashMap.put("mark", "over" + i);
            lists.add(hashMap);

        }
        //
        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv);
        // 创建SimpleAdapter对象,参数:一个是上下文,第二个数据,第三个布局资源,第四个要查找内容对应的key值字符数组,第五个,要对应放入item布局文件对应的控件id集
        SimpleAdapter simpleAdapter = new SimpleAdapter(this, lists,
                R.layout.layout_simpleadapter, new String[] { "picture",
                        "name", "say", "mark" }, new int[] { R.id.iv, R.id.tv1,
                        R.id.tv2, R.id.tv3 });
        // 为listview设置adapter
        listView.setAdapter(simpleAdapter);

        // 事件监听
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int arg2,
                    long arg3) {
                ActionBar actionBar = getActionBar();
                actionBar.setTitle("" + arg2);

            }
        });
    }

}

效果图:

3.继承BaseAdapter的使用:
(1)在一个listview的item中,可以自己加入一些控件,并且能通过点击item上的控件得到响应,而上述2中adapter无法做到
(2)对数据读取方面有优化,资源消耗少,而上述2种adapter会将数据全部一下子读取到listview上,导致资源消耗大,listview滑动慢,而继承BaseAdapter的自定义adapter可以优化性能,适当读取数据到listview上

(1):定义listview布局文件activity_main.xml:

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.min.baseadapter.MainActivity" >

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/lv"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</RelativeLayout>

(2)定义listview上item的布局文件样式layout_baseadapter.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal" >

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/iv"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:contentDescription="@string/icon" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="4"
        android:orientation="vertical" >

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_name"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_number"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:textSize="12sp"
        android:focusable="false"
        android:width="0dp" />

</LinearLayout>

(3)继承BaseAdapter类MyAdapter.java:
提升Adapter的两种方法:
(1)重用缓存convertView传递给getView()方法来避免填充不必要的视图
(2)使用ViewHolder模式来避免没有必要的调用findViewById()：因为太多的findViewById也会影响性能( ViewHolder模式通过getView()方法返回的视图的标签(Tag)中存储一个数据结构，这个数据结构包含了指向我们要绑定数据的视图的引用，从而避免每次调用getView()的时候调用findViewById()）

package com.min.baseadapter;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;

import android.app.ActionBar;
import android.content.Context;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
    //数据dataList;
    private List<HashMap<String, Object>> dataList;
    private LayoutInflater mLayoutInflater = null;
    //构造函数
    public MyAdapter(Context context, List<HashMap<String, Object>> dataList) {
        this.dataList = dataList;
        mLayoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
    }

    //重写的baseAdapter的函数getCount()
    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return dataList.size();
    }

    //重写的baseAdapter的函数getItem()
    @Override
    public Object getItem(int position) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return position;
    }
    //重写的baseAdapter的函数getItemId()
    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return position;
    }

    //重写的baseAdapter的getView方法
    @Override
    public View getView(final int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        ViewHolder holder = null;
        if (convertView == null) {
            holder = new ViewHolder();
            convertView = mLayoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.layout_baseadapter,
                    null);
            holder.imageView = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.iv);
            holder.tv_name = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_name);
            holder.tv_number = (TextView) convertView
                    .findViewById(R.id.tv_number);
            holder.btn=(Button) convertView.findViewById(R.id.btn);
            convertView.setTag(holder);
        } else {
            //将设置好的布局保存到缓存中，并将其设置在Tag里，以便后面方便取出Tag 
            holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
        }

        holder.imageView.setImageResource((Integer) dataList.get(position).get(
                "img"));
        holder.tv_name.setText((String) dataList.get(position).get("name"));
        holder.tv_number.setText((String) dataList.get(position).get("number"));
        holder.btn.setText("更多");
        holder.btn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.i("min","btn"+position);
            }
        });
        return convertView;
    }
    //ViewHolder静态类 
    static class ViewHolder {
        public ImageView imageView;
        public TextView tv_name;
        public TextView tv_number;
        public Button btn;
    }

}

主函数:

package com.min.baseadapter;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;

import android.app.ActionBar;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import android.widget.ListView;


public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        List<HashMap<String, Object>> data=new ArrayList<HashMap<String,Object>>();
        for (int i = 0; i <20; i++) {
            HashMap<String,Object> hashMap=new HashMap<String, Object>();
            hashMap.put("img",R.drawable.ic_launcher);
            hashMap.put("name","name:"+i);
            hashMap.put("number","number:"+i);
            data.add(hashMap);

        }

        ListView listView=(ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv);
        MyAdapter adapter=new MyAdapter(this, data);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);


        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int arg2,
                    long arg3) {
                ActionBar actionBar=getActionBar();
                actionBar.setTitle(""+arg2);

            }
        });
    }




}

效果图:

补充:
在layout_baseadapter.xml中Button的属性一定要设置:android:focusable=”false”,否则会影响到ListView的item无法聚焦

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