123 Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock III [Leetcode]

题目内容：

Say you have an array for which the ith element is the price of a given stock on day i.

Design an algorithm to find the maximum profit. You may complete at most two transactions.

Note: You may not engage in multiple transactions at the same time (ie, you must sell the stock before you buy again).

解题思路：
解法一：
把股票价格拆分为两个部分，计算两个部分收益相加的最大值。
用两个数组分别保存前i天的最大收益asc[i]和后i天的最大收益desc[i].可以通过两次遍历求出。然后再遍历一遍，求前i天和后i+1天收益的最大值。

class Solution {
public:
    int maxProfit(vector<int>& prices) {
        if(prices.size() == 0 || prices.size() == 1)return 0;

        int min_price = prices[0];
        int max_price = prices[prices.size() - 1];
        int * profit_front = new int[prices.size()];
        int * profit_back = new int[prices.size()];
        profit_front[0] = 0;
        profit_back[prices.size() - 1] = 0;

        for(int i = 1; i < prices.size(); i++) {
            //从前向后扫描，每次计算收益更新，并更新最小值
            profit_front[i] = max(profit_front[i-1], prices[i] - min_price);
            min_price = min(min_price, prices[i]);
        }

        for(int i = prices.size() - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
            //从后向前扫描，每次计算收益更新，并更新最大值
            profit_back[i] = max(profit_back[i + 1], max_price - prices[i]);
            max_price = max(max_price, prices[i]);
        }
        int result = profit_front[prices.size() - 1];
        for(int i = 0; i < prices.size() - 1; i++) {
            result = max(result, profit_front[i] + profit_back[i + 1]);
        }
        return result;
    }
};

另一种写法：
写起来更繁琐一些，注意判断条件

class Solution {
public:
    int maxProfit(vector<int>& prices) {
        int size(prices.size()), result(0);
        if(size <= 1)
            return 0;

        int min(prices[0]), max(prices[0]);
        vector<int> asc(size, 0), desc(size, 0);

        for(int i = 1; i < size; ++i) {
            asc[i] = asc[i-1];
            if(prices[i] < min) {
                min = prices[i];
                max = INT_MIN;
            }
            else if(prices[i] > max) {
                max = prices[i];
                int temp(max - min);
                asc[i] = asc[i-1] > temp ? asc[i-1] : temp;
            }
        }

        desc[0] = asc[size - 1];
        min = prices[size - 1];
        max = prices[size - 1];
        for(int i = size - 2; i > 0; --i) {
            desc[i] = desc[i+1];
            if(prices[i] > max) {
                max = prices[i];
                min = INT_MAX;
            }
            else if(prices[i] < min) {
                min = prices[i];
                int temp(max - min);
                desc[i] = desc[i+1] > temp ? desc[i+1] : temp;
            }
        }

        result = desc[0];
        for(int i = 0; i < size - 1; ++i) {
            int temp(asc[i] + desc[i + 1]);
            result = result > temp ? result : temp;
        }

        return result;
    }
};

解法二：
通用解法，参见Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock IV.