linux字符设备驱动之定时器实现防按键抖动(六)

一 what

linux系统帮我们实现了一个定时器处理函数，对于驱动程序来说，只需要做初始化、添加定时器的方法即可，主要用到的函数就是init_timer()，add_timer()。

二 why

我们都知道一个按键的物理结构，就是一个弹片，在按下的过程中，弹片会跟下面的触点接触；松开的时候，弹片和触点断开；
但是由于物理结构的惯性作用，按键在按下与弹片接触瞬间，并不是一直保持稳定接触的，它会一会接触，一会断开，从波形上看，就是会产生一个脉冲波，对于cpu的gpio引脚来说，一会检测到一个上升沿，一会检测到一个下降沿，而实际效果来看，我们只需要一个边沿，这样就会造成检测错误。
那位了避免这种方法，就需要防抖功能，可以从硬件上实现，也可以从软件上实现。从软件实现角度来看的话，也可以有多种实现方式，今天我们介绍的是一种定时器延时一段时间后，再去读取引脚电平的方法。

三 how

我们仍然以字符设备驱动程序之读取按键状态的驱动来调用验证linux系统的定时器功能
1、在字符设备驱动初始化函数中，初始化定时器，前面三条语句就是定时器初始化和add部分，应该很好理解。

static int seventh_drv_init(void)
{
    init_timer(&button_timer);
	button_timer.function = (void (*)(unsigned long))buttons_timer_function;
	//button_timer.data     = (unsigned long)Scpnt;
	//button_timer.expires  = jiffies + 100 * HZ;
	add_timer(&button_timer);

    major = register_chrdev(0, "my_seventh_drv", &seventh_drv_fops);

    seventhdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "myseventhdrv");
    seventhdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(seventhdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/xyz */

    gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
	gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;

	gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000060, 16);
	gpgdat = gpgcon + 1;

    return 0;
}

2、因为我们需要的是定时器防抖功能，因此在按键检测中断中，设置定时器超超时等待时间

static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
    /* 10ms启动定时器 */
    mod_timer(&button_timer, jiffies + HZ / 100);

    irq_pd = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;

	return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}

3、当定时器超时时间到时，也会产生一个定时器中断，我们在这个函数中读取gpio引脚电平

static void buttons_timer_function(unsigned long data)
{
    struct pin_desc *pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)irq_pd;
    unsigned int pinval;
    //printk("irq=%d\n", irq);

    if (!pin_desc)
        return 0;

    pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);
    if (pinval)
    {
        /* 松开 */
        key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
    }
    else
    {
        /* 按下 */
        key_val = pindesc->key_val;
    }

    ev_press = 1;    /* 表示中断发生了 */
    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);   /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */

    kill_fasync(&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
}

至此，定时器实现防抖功能的代码已经实现完成，完整代码如下：

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>

static struct class *seventhdrv_class;
static struct class_device	*seventhdrv_class_dev;
volatile unsigned long *gpfcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpgcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpfdat;
volatile unsigned long *gpgdat;

static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);

/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1，seventh_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;

static unsigned char key_val;

//定义原子变量canopen并初始化为1
static atomic_t canopen = ATOMIC_INIT(1); 

struct pin_desc
{
    unsigned int pin;
    unsigned int key_val;
};
static struct pin_desc *irq_pd;

/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = 
{
    {S3C2410_GPF0, 0x01},
    {S3C2410_GPF2, 0x02},
    {S3C2410_GPG3, 0x03},
    {S3C2410_GPG11, 0x04}
};

static struct fasync_struct *button_async;
static struct timer_list button_timer;

static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
    /* 10ms启动定时器 */
    mod_timer(&button_timer, jiffies + HZ / 100);

    irq_pd = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;

	return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}

static int seventh_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&canopen))
    {
        printk("can not open\n");
        atomic_inc(&canopen);
        return -EBUSY;
    }
    /* 配置GPF0,2为输出引脚 */
    /* 配置GPG3,11为输出引脚 */
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT0, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S2", &pins_desc[0]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT2, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S3", &pins_desc[1]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S4", &pins_desc[2]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S5", &pins_desc[3]);

    return 0;
}

static int seventh_drv_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, 
                                         size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
    /* 返回4个引脚电平状态 */
    if (size != 1)
        return -EINVAL;

    /* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
    wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);

    /* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
    copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
    ev_press = 0;

    return (sizeof(key_val));
}

int seventh_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    atomic_inc(&canopen);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]);

    return 0;
}
static unsigned int seventh_drv_poll(struct file *file, struct poll_table_struct *wait)
{
    unsigned int mask = 0;

    poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会立即休眠
    if (ev_press)
        mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;

	return mask;
}

static int seventh_drv_fasync(int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
    printk("driver: app use it\n");
    return fasync_helper(fd, filp, on, &button_async);
}

static struct file_operations seventh_drv_fops = {
    .owner   = THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏，推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
    .open    = seventh_drv_open,
    .read    = seventh_drv_read,
    .release = seventh_drv_close,
    .poll    = seventh_drv_poll,
    .fasync  = seventh_drv_fasync,
};

static int major;

static void buttons_timer_function(unsigned long data)
{
    struct pin_desc *pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)irq_pd;
    unsigned int pinval;
    //printk("irq=%d\n", irq);

    if (!pin_desc)
        return 0;

    pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);
    if (pinval)
    {
        /* 松开 */
        key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
    }
    else
    {
        /* 按下 */
        key_val = pindesc->key_val;
    }

    ev_press = 1;    /* 表示中断发生了 */
    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);   /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */

    kill_fasync(&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
}

static int seventh_drv_init(void)
{
    init_timer(&button_timer);
	button_timer.function = (void (*)(unsigned long))buttons_timer_function;
	//button_timer.data     = (unsigned long)Scpnt;
	//button_timer.expires  = jiffies + 100 * HZ;
	add_timer(&button_timer);

    major = register_chrdev(0, "my_seventh_drv", &seventh_drv_fops);

    seventhdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "myseventhdrv");
    seventhdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(seventhdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/xyz */

    gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
	gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;

	gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000060, 16);
	gpgdat = gpgcon + 1;

    return 0;
}

static void seventh_drv_exit(void)
{
	unregister_chrdev(major, "my_seventh_drv");
	class_device_unregister(seventhdrv_class_dev);
	class_destroy(seventhdrv_class);
	iounmap(gpfcon);
	iounmap(gpgcon);
	return 0;
}

module_init(seventh_drv_init);
module_exit(seventh_drv_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

四 test

测试代码和《linux字符设备驱动之同步互斥阻塞(五)》基本一致，可参考这部分内容，写测试程序来测试我们的功能