一、开发环境
1、内核:Linux 2.6.22.6;
2、JZ2440
3、ubuntu 9.10
二、原理
机械按键按下时,弹片接触瞬间会使信号产生抖动,如果是使用中断读取按键值得话,则产生多次中断。使用定时器去抖的原理是,在按键中断函数里,初始化一个定时10ms(也可以是其他时间,一般10ms就可以了)的定时器函数。也就是说,这瞬间几次的中断都会使这个10ms的定时器初始化,重新定时10ms(这瞬间几次的中断时间间隔都是小于10ms的),直到最后一次按键中断不再使定时器初始化,可以顺利执行10ms的定时中断函数,在定时中断函数中我们把按键读出即可。这样就忽略掉了按键的前几次中断,只有最后一次中断有效了。
三、程序实现
1、定义timer_list结构体类型变量,如定义buttons_timer:static struct timer_list buttons_timer。这个结构体用于存放定时器的一些设置。
2、在驱动入口函数中增加
init_timer(&buttons_timer);//初始化定时器
buttons_timer.function = buttons_timer_function;//定时器函数,设置的时间到了的时候执行的函数。
//buttons_timer.expires = 0;
add_timer(&buttons_timer); //向内核注册定时器
3、编写buttons_timer_function函数。在里面添加定时时间到达时想执行的语句。如:
static void buttons_timer_function(unsigned long data)
{
......
}
4、设置定时器定时时间。使用函数mod_timer,如:mod_timer(&buttons_timer, jiffies+HZ/100);
buttons_timer上面定义的结构体。jiffies是一个只读变量,里面记录的是linux系统运行以来的滴答值,本系统每10ms加1,不同的cpu和系统jiffies加1的时间是不同的和具体设置有关;HZ是个常量为100,jiffies每秒增加100次。这样就可以基于jiffies,设置定时器在jiffies+HZ/100时执行上面的buttons_timer_function函数。jiffies+HZ/100=jiffies+1,比现在的jiffies值多1,也就是定时10ms。
5、韦源码如下:
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
static struct class *sixthdrv_class;
static struct class_device *sixthdrv_class_dev;
volatile unsigned long *gpfcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpfdat;
volatile unsigned long *gpgcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpgdat;
static struct timer_list buttons_timer;
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);
/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1,sixth_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;
static struct fasync_struct *button_async;
struct pin_desc{
unsigned int pin;
unsigned int key_val;
};
/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;
struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
{S3C2410_GPF0, 0x01},
{S3C2410_GPF2, 0x02},
{S3C2410_GPG3, 0x03},
{S3C2410_GPG11, 0x04},
};
static struct pin_desc *irq_pd;
//static atomic_t canopen = ATOMIC_INIT(1); //定义原子变量并初始化为1
static DECLARE_MUTEX(button_lock); //定义互斥锁
/*
* 确定按键值
*/
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
/* 10ms后启动定时器 */
irq_pd = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
mod_timer(&buttons_timer, jiffies+HZ/100);
return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}
static int sixth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
#if 0
if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&canopen))
{
atomic_inc(&canopen);
return -EBUSY;
}
#endif
if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
{
if (down_trylock(&button_lock))
return -EBUSY;
}
else
{
/* 获取信号量 */
down(&button_lock);
}
/* 配置GPF0,2为输入引脚 */
/* 配置GPG3,11为输入引脚 */
request_irq(IRQ_EINT0, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S2", &pins_desc[0]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT2, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S3", &pins_desc[1]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S4", &pins_desc[2]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S5", &pins_desc[3]);
return 0;
}
ssize_t sixth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
if (size != 1)
return -EINVAL;
if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
{
if (!ev_press)
return -EAGAIN;
}
else
{
/* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);
}
/* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
ev_press = 0;
return 1;
}
int sixth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
//atomic_inc(&canopen);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]);
up(&button_lock);
return 0;
}
static unsigned sixth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
unsigned int mask = 0;
poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会立即休眠
if (ev_press)
mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
return mask;
}
static int sixth_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
printk("driver: sixth_drv_fasync\n");
return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async);
}
static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE, /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
.open = sixth_drv_open,
.read = sixth_drv_read,
.release = sixth_drv_close,
.poll = sixth_drv_poll,
.fasync = sixth_drv_fasync,
};
int major;
static void buttons_timer_function(unsigned long data)
{
struct pin_desc * pindesc = irq_pd;
unsigned int pinval;
if (!pindesc)
return;
pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);
if (pinval)
{
/* 松开 */
key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
}
else
{
/* 按下 */
key_val = pindesc->key_val;
}
ev_press = 1; /* 表示中断发生了 */
wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq); /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */
kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
}
static int sixth_drv_init(void)
{
init_timer(&buttons_timer);
buttons_timer.function = buttons_timer_function;
//buttons_timer.expires = 0;
add_timer(&buttons_timer);
major = register_chrdev(0, "sixth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);
sixthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "sixth_drv");
/* 为了让mdev根据这些信息来创建设备节点 */
sixthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(sixthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */
gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;
gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000060, 16);
gpgdat = gpgcon + 1;
return 0;
}
static void sixth_drv_exit(void)
{
unregister_chrdev(major, "sixth_drv");
class_device_unregister(sixthdrv_class_dev);
class_destroy(sixthdrv_class);
iounmap(gpfcon);
iounmap(gpgcon);
return 0;
}
module_init(sixth_drv_init);
module_exit(sixth_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");