Quotient Topology
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notations
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top: topological space (structure)
hom: homomorphism on top
1. Definition
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Quotient Space 1
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Suppose
X
is a top,
f:X→Y . Quotient topology of Y is{B⊂Y|f−1[B]∈X} denoted as X/f . Under this topology Y is the quotient space ofX .
Quotient topology is the finest top for
Y
that
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Quotient Space 2
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Suppose
X
is a top,
∼ is an equivalent relation (or partition), let f(x)=[x] (equivalent class or component). Quotient space of X under∼ is X/f={A|⋃x∈A[x]} denoted as X/∼ .
Remark
- A partition π gives an equivalent relation x∼y iff x,y∈A∈π . Define X/π=X/∼ Remark
-
if
f
is open, then
f is a quotient map, not the other way. In topological group, the quotient map is indeed open.
Gluing space
- A⊂X , given a partition π={A,{x},{y},⋯} , define gluing space X/A=X/π . Element {x} in X/A is denoted as x for convenience.
- To glue two spaces
X∩Y=∅ , x∈X,y∈Y , then X+x,yY=X∪Y/{x,y} .
2. Basic Theorems
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Theorem 1
- If f:X→Y is a quotient map, then ϕ(y)=f−1[y]:Y≃X/f .