经过几个月的自学，最后在暑假自学完这本《C++ Primer Plus》啦！学到的东西跟细节很多，现在先不总结了，先把自己所敲过的代码放上来，重温一下。
下面这些是自学《C++ Primer Plus》时敲过的书上的代码:
//程序清单2.1 myfirst.cpp
//myfirst.cpp--displays a message
#include <iostream> //a PREPROCESSOR(预处理) directive(指令)
int main() //function(函数) header(头)
{ //start of function body (开始函数体)
using namespace std; //make definitions(定义) visible(可见)
cout << "Come up and C++ me some time.";//message
cout << endl; //start a new line
cout << "You won't regret it!" << endl;
return 0; //terminate(结束) main()
}//程序清单2.2 carrot.cpp
//carrots.cpp(红萝卜) -- food processing(加工) program
//uses(使用) and displays (显示) a variable(变量)
#include <iostream> //a preprocessor directive
int main() //function header
{ //start of function body
using namespace std; //make definitions visible
int carrots; //declare(声明) an integer variable
carrots = 25; //assign(指派) a value to the variable
cout << "I have";
cout << carrots;
cout << " carrots.";
cout << endl;
carrots = carrots - 1; //modify(修改) the variable
cout << "Crunch, crunch. Now I have" << carrots << "carrots." << endl;
return 0; //terminate main()
} //end of function body
//程序清单2.3 getinfo.cpp
//getinfo.cpp -- input and output
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int carrots;
cout << "How many carrots do you have?" << endl;
cin >> carrots;
cout << "Here are two more.";
carrots = carrots + 2;
//the next line concatenates output
cout << "Now you have " << carrots << " carrots." << endl;
return 0;
}//程序清单2.4 sqrt.cpp
//sqrt.cpp -- using the sqrt () function
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath> //or math.h
int main()
{
using namespace std;
double area;
cout << " Enter the floor area, in square feet, of your home:";
cin >> area;
double side;
side = sqrt(area);
cout << "That's the equivalent of a square"
<< " feet to the side." << endl;
cout << "How fascinating!" << endl;
return 0;
}//程序清单 2.5 ourfunc.cpp
//ourfunc.cpp --defining your own function
#include <iostream>
void simon(int); //function prototype for simon()
int main()
{
using namespace std;
simon(3); //call the simon() function
cout << "Pick an integer:";
int count;
cin >> count;
simon(count); //call it again
cout << "Done!" << endl;
return 0;
}
void simon(int n) //define the simon() function
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Simon says touch your toes " << n << "times." << endl;
//void functions don't need return statement
}//程序清单 2.6 convert.cpp
#include <iostream>
int stonetolb(int); //function prototype
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int stone;
cout << "Enter the weight in stone: ";
cin >> stone;
int pounds = stonetolb(stone);
cout << stone << " stone = ";
cout << pounds << " pounds." << endl;
return 0;
}
int stonetolb(int sts)
{
return 14 * sts;
}
//程序清单 3.1 limits.cpp
//limits.cpp -- some inteqer limits
#include <iostream> // a propercessor directive
#include <climits> // use limits.h for older systems
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int n_int = INT_MAX; //initialize n_int to max int value
short n_short = SHRT_MAX; //symbols defined in limits.h file
long n_long = LONG_MAX;
//sizeof operatoryields size of type or of variable
cout << "int is " << sizeof (int) << "bytes." << endl;
cout << "short is " << sizeof n_short << " bytes." << endl;
cout << "long is " << sizeof n_long << " bytes." << endl << endl;
cout << "Maximum value:" << endl;
cout << "int: " << n_int << endl;
cout << "short: " << n_short << endl;
cout << "long: " << n_long << endl << endl;
cout << "minimum int value = " << INT_MIN << endl;
cout << "Bits per byte = " << CHAR_BIT << endl;
return 0;
}// 程序清单 3.3 hexoct.cpp
// hexoct.cpp -- shows hex and octal constants
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int chest = 42; // decimal integer constant
int waist = 0x42; // hexadecimal integer constant
int inseam = 042; // octal integer constant
cout << "monsieur cuts a striking figure!\n";
cout << "chest = " << chest << "\n";
cout << "waist = " << waist << "\n";
cout << "inseam = " << inseam << "\n";
return 0;
}// 程序清单3.7 bondini.cpp
// bondini.cpp -- using escape sequences
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
cout << "\aOPeration \"HyperHype\" is now activated!\n";
cout << "Enter your agent code:________\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b";
long code;
cin >> code;
cout << "\aYou entered " << code << "...\n";
cout << "\aCode verified! Proceed with Plan z3!\n";
return 0;
}
//打印下线字符后，程序使用退格字符将光标退到第一个下划线处。//程序清单4.1 arrayone.cpp
//arrayone.cpp -- small arrays of integers
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int yams[3]; //creates array with three elements
yams[0] = 7; //assign value to first element
yams[1] = 8;
yams[2] = 6;
int yamcosts[3] = {20, 30, 5}; //create,initialize array
// NOTE: If your C++ complier or translator can't initizlize
// this array, use static int yamcosts [3] instead of int yamcosts[3]
cout << "Total yams = ";
cout << yams[0] + yams[1] + yams [2] << endl;
cout << "The package with " << yams[1] << " yams costs ";
cout << yamcosts[1] << " cents per yam.\n";
int total = yams[0] * yamcosts[0] + yams[1] * yamcosts[1];
total = total + yams[2] * yamcosts[2];
cout << "The total yam expense is " << total << " cents.\n";
cout << "\nSize of yams array = " << sizeof yams;
cout << " bytes. \n";
cout << "Size of one element = " << sizeof yams[0];
cout << " bytes.\n";
return 0;
}// 程序清单 4.2 string.cpp
// strings.cpp -- storing strings in an array
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
const int Size = 15;
char name1[Size]; // empty array
char name2[Size] = "C++owboy"; // initialized array
// NOTE: Some implementations may require the static keyword
// to initialize the array name2
cout << "Howdy! I'm " << name2;
cout << "! What's your name?\n";
cin >> name1;
cout << "Well, " << name1 << ", your name has ";
cout << strlen (name1) << " letters and is stored \n";
cout << "in an array of " << sizeof (name1) << " bytes.\n";
cout << "Your initial is " << name1[0] << ".\n";
name2[3] = '\0'; // null character
cout << "Here are the first 3 characters of my name:";
cout << name2 << "\n";
return 0;
}// 程序清单4.4 instr2.cpp
//instr2.cpp -- reading more than one word with getline
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
const int ArSize = 20;
char name[ArSize];
char dessert[ArSize];
cout << "Enter your name:\n";
cin.getline(name, ArSize); // reads through newline
cout << "Enter your favorites dessert: \n";
cin.getline(dessert, ArSize);
cout << "I have some delicious " << dessert;
cout << " for you. " << name << ".\n";
return 0;
}// 程序清单4.7 strtype1.cpp
// strtype1.cpp -- using the C++ string class
#include <iostream>
#include <string> // make string class available
int main()
{
using namespace std;
char charr1[20]; // create an empty array
char charr2[20] = "jaguar"; // create an initialized array
string str1; // create an empty string object
string str2 = "jaguar"; // create an intialized string
cout << "Enter a kind of feline: ";
cin >> charr1;
cout << "Enter another kind of feline: ";
cin >> str1; // use cin for input
cout << "Here are some felines: \n";
cout << charr1 << " " << charr2 << " "
<< str1 << " " << str2 // use cout for output
<< endl;
cout << "The third letter in " << charr2 << " is "
<< charr2[2] << endl;
cout << "The third letter in " << str2 << " is "
<< str2[2] << endl; // use array notation
return 0;
}// 程序清单4.8 strtype2.cpp
// strtype1.cpp -- assigning, adding, and appending
#include <iostream>
#include <string> // make string class available
int main()
{
using namespace std;
string s1 = "penguin";
string s2, s3;
cout << "You can assign one string object to another: s2 = s1\n";
s2 = s1;
cout << "s1: " << s1 << ", s2: " << s2 << endl;
cout << "You can assign a C-style string to a string object.\n";
cout << "s2 = \"buzzard\"\n";
s2 = "buzzard";
cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl;
cout << "You can concatenate strings : s3 = s1 + s2\n";
s3 = s1 + s2;
cout << "s3: " << s3 << endl;
cout << "You can append strings.\n";
s1 += s2;
cout << "s1 += s2 yields s1 = " << s1 << endl;
s2 += " for a day ";
cout << "s2 += \" for a day \" yields s2 = " << s2 << endl;
return 0;
}
// 程序清单4.9 strtype3.cpp
// strtype3.cpp -- more string class features
#include <iostream>
#include <string> // make string class available
// #include <cstring> // c=style string library
int main()
{
using namespace std;
char charr1[20];
char charr2[20] = "jaguar";
string str1;
string str2 = "panther";
// assignment for string objects and character arrays
str1 = str2; // copy str1 to str2
strcpy(charr1, charr2); // copy charr2 to charr1
// appending for string objects and character arrays
str1 += " paste"; // add paste to end of str1
strcat(charr1, " juice"); // add juice to end of charr1
// finding the length of a string object and a C-style string
int len1 = str1.size(); // obtain length of str1
int len2 = strlen(charr1); // obtain length of charr1
cout << "The string " << str1 << " contains "
<< len1 << " charracters.\n";
cout << "The string " << charr1 << " contains "
<< len2 << " characters.\n";
return 0;
}// 程序清单 4.10 strtype4.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
char charr[20];
string str;
cout << "Length of string in charr before input: "
<< strlen(charr) << endl;
cout << "Enter a line of text:\n";
cin.getline(charr, 20); // indicate maximum length
cout << "You entered: " << charr << endl;
cout << "Enter another line of text:\n";
getline(cin, str); // cin now an argument; no length specifier
cout << "You entered:" << str << endl;
cout << "length of string in charr after input: "
<< strlen(charr) << endl;
cout << "Length of string in str after input: "
<< str.size() << endl;
return 0;
}
// 程序清单 4.14 address.cpp
// address.cpp -- using the & operator to find addresses
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int donuts = 6;
double cups = 4.5;
cout << "donuts value = " << donuts;
cout << " and donuts address = " << &donuts << endl;
// NOTE: you may need to use unsigned ( &donuts) and unsigned (&cups)
cout << "cups value = " << cups;
cout << " and cups address = " << &cups << endl;
return 0;
}
// 使用常规变量时，值是指定的量，而地址为派生量。
// OPP强调的是在运行阶段（而不是编译阶段）进行决策// 程序清单4.15 pointer.cpp
// pointer.cpp -- our first pointer variable
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int updates = 6; // declare a variable
int * p_updates; // declare pointer to an int
p_updates = &updates; // assign address of int to pointer
// express values two ways
cout << "Values: updates = " << &updates;
cout << ", p_updates = " << *p_updates << endl;
// express address two ways
cout << "Addresses: &updates = " << &updates <<endl;
cout << "Now updates = " << p_updates << endl;
// use pointer to change value
*p_updates = *p_updates +1;
cout << "Now updates = " << updates << endl;
return 0;
}// 程序清单 4.17 use_new.cpp
// use_new.cpp -- using the new operator
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int * pt = new int; // allocate space for an int
*pt = 1001; // store a value there
cout << "int ";
cout << "value = " << *pt << ": location = " << pt << endl;
double * pd = new double; // allocate space for a double
*pd = 10000001.0; //store a double there
cout << "double ";
cout << "value = " << *pd << ": location = " << pd << endl;
cout << "size of pt = " << sizeof (pt);
cout << ": size of *pt = " << sizeof (*pt) << endl;
cout << "size of pd = " << sizeof pd;
cout << ": size of *pd = " << sizeof (*pd) << endl;
return 0;
}// 程序清单 4.18 arraynew.cpp
// arraynew.cpp -- using the new operator for arrays
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
double * p3 = new double [3]; // space for 3 doubles
p3[0] = 0.2; // treat p3 like an array name
p3[1] = 0.5;
p3[2] = 0.8;
cout << "p3[1] is " << p3[1] << ".\n";
p3 = p3 + 1; // increment the pointer
cout << "Now p3[0] is " << p3[0] << " and ";
cout << "p3[1] is " << p3[1] << ".\n";
p3 = p3 - 1; // point back to beginning
delete [] p3;
return 0;
}
/**** 运行结果
p3[1] is 0.5.
Now p3[0] is 0.5 and p3[1] is 0.8.
Press any key to continue
****************************************/// 程序清单 04.20 ptrstr.cpp
// ptrstr.cpp -- using pointers to strings
#include <iostream>
#include <string> // declare strlen(),strcpy()
int main()
{
using namespace std;
char animal[20] = "bear"; // animal holds bear
const char * bird = "wren"; // bird holds address of string
char * ps; // uninitialized
cout << animal << " and "; // display bear
cout << bird << "\n"; // display bird
// cout << ps << "\n"; // may display garbage, may cause a crash
cout << "Enter a kind of animal: ";
cin >> animal; // ok if input < 20 chars
// cin >> ps; Too horrible a blunder to try; ps doesn't
// point to allocated space
ps = animal; // set ps to point to string
cout << ps << "s!\n"; // ok,same as using animal
cout << "Before using strcpy(): \n";
cout << animal << " at " << (int * ) animal << endl;
cout << ps << " at " << (int *) ps << endl;
ps = new char[strlen (animal) +1]; // get new storage
strcpy (ps, animal); //copy string to new storage
cout << "After using strcpy(): \n";
cout << animal << " at " << (int *) animal << endl;
cout << ps << " at " << (int *) ps << endl;
delete [] ps;
return 0;
}// 程序清单_05.14_waiting.cpp
// waiting.cpp -- using clock() in a time-delay loop
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime> // describes clock() function, clock_t type
int main()
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Enter the delay time, in seconds: ";
float secs;
cin >> secs;
clock_t delay = secs * CLOCKS_PER_SEC; // convert to clock ticks
cout << "starting\a\n";
clock_t start = clock();
while (clock() - start < delay) // wait until time elapses
;
cout << "done \a\n";
return 0;
}
// CLOCKS_PER_SEC 每秒钟系包含的系统时间单位数 将秒数乘以这个，即可得到以系统时间单位为单位的时间
// clock() 为当前系统时间// 程序清单 7.6 arrfun2.cpp
// 将数组作为参数
// 将数组地址作为参数可以节省复制整个数组所需的时间和内存。
// 如果数组很大，则使用拷贝的系统开销将非常大；
// 程序不仅需要更多的计算机内存，还需要花费时间来复制大块的数据。
// 另一方面，使用原始数据增加了破坏数据的风险。
// arrfu2.cpp -- functions with an array argument
#include <iostream>
const int ArSize = 8;
int sum_arr(int arr[], int n);
// use std:: instead of using directive
int main()
{
int cookies[ArSize] = {1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128};
// some systems require preceding int with static to enable array initialization
std::cout << cookies << " = array address, ";
// some systems require a type cast: unsigned (cookies) enable array initialization
std::cout << sizeof cookies << " = sizeof cooikies\n";
int sum = sum_arr(cookies, ArSize);
std::cout << "Total cookies eaten: " << sum << std::endl;
sum = sum_arr(cookies, 3); // a lie
std::cout << "First three eaters ate " << sum << " cookies.\n";
sum = sum_arr(cookies + 4,4); // another lie
std::cout << "Last four eaters ate " << sum << " cookies.\n";
while(2);
return 0;
}
// return the sum of an integer array
int sum_arr (int arr[], int n)
{
int total = 0;
std::cout << arr << " = arr,";
// some systems require a type cast: unsigned (arr)
std::cout << sizeof arr << " = sizeof arr\n";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
total = total + arr[i];
return total;
}
// 程序清单 7.7 arrfun3.cpp -- array functions and const
// 使用数组的调用的范例 1.填充数组 2.显示数组及用 const 保护数组 3.修改数组
#include <iostream>
const int Max = 5;
// function prototypes
int fill_array(double at[], int limit);
void show_array(const double ar[], int n); // don't change data
void revalue(double r, double ar[], int n);
int main()
{
using namespace std;
double properies[Max];
int size = fill_array(properies, Max);
show_array(properies, size);
cout << "Enter revaluation factor: ";
double factor;
cin >> factor;
revalue(factor, properies, size);
show_array(properies, size);
cout << "Done.\n";
return 0;
}
int fill_array(double ar[], int limit)
{
using namespace std;
double temp;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < limit; i++)
{
cout << "Enter value #" << (i+1) << ": ";
cin >> temp;
if (!cin) // bad input(发现输入的数据不是int型）
{
cin.clear();
while(cin.get()!= '\n')
continue;
cout << "Bad input; input process terminated, \n";
break;
}
else if (temp <0) // signal to terminate
break;
ar[i] = temp;
}
return i;
}
// the following function can use, but not alter. the array whose address is ar
void show_array(const double ar[], int n)
{
using namespace std;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << "Property #" << (i+1) << ": {1}quot;;
cout << ar[i] << endl;
}
}
// multiplies each element of ar[] by r
void revalue (double r, double ar[], int n)
{
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
ar[i] *= r;
}
// 程序清单_08.12_twotemps.cpp -- using overloaded template functions
#include <iostream>
template <class Any> // original template
void Swap(Any &a, Any &b);
template <class Any> // new template
void Swap(Any *a, Any *b, int n);
void Show(int a[]);
const int Lim = 8;
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int i = 10, j = 20;
cout << "i, j = " << i << ", " << j << ".\n";
cout << "Using compiler-generated int swapper:\n";
Swap(i, j); // matches original template
cout << "Now i, j = " << i << ", " << j << ".\n";
int d1[Lim] = {0, 7, 0, 4, 1, 7, 7, 6};
int d2[Lim] = {0, 6, 2, 0, 1, 9, 6, 9};
cout << "Original arrays: \n";
Show (d1);
Show (d2);
Swap (d1, d2, Lim); // matches new template
cout << "Swapped arrays: \n";
Show(d1);
Show(d2);
return 0;
}
template <class Any>
void Swap (Any &a, Any &b)
{
Any temp;
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
template<class Any>
void Swap (Any a[], Any b[], int n)
{
Any temp;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
temp = a[i];
a[i] = b[i];
b[i] = temp;
}
}
void Show(int a[])
{
using namespace std;
cout << a[0] << a[1] << "/";
cout << a[2] << a[3] << "/";
for (int i = 4; i < Lim; i++)
{
cout << a[i];
}
cout << endl;
}// stocks.cpp -- the whole program
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
class Stock // class declaration
{
private:
char company[30];
int shares;
double share_val;
double total_val;
void set_tot(){ total_val = shares * share_val;}
public:
void acquire(const char* co, int n, double pr);
void buy(int num, double price);
void sell(int num, double price);
void update(double price);
void show();
}; // note semicolon at the end
void Stock::acquire(const char* co, int n, double pr)
{
std::strncpy(company, co, 29); // truncate co to fit company
company[29] = '\0';
if (n < 0)
{
std::cerr << "Number of shares can't be negative."
<< company << " shares set to 0. \n";
shares = 0;
}
else
shares = n;
share_val = pr;
set_tot();
}
void Stock::buy(int num, double price)
{
if(num < 0)
{
std::cerr << "Number of shares purchased can't be negative."
<< "Transaction is aborted.\n";
}
else
{
shares += num;
share_val = price;
set_tot();
}
}
void Stock::sell(int num, double price)
{
using std::cerr;
if (num < 0)
{
cerr << "Number of shares sold can't be negative. "
<< "Transaction is aborted.\n";
}
else if (num > shares)
{
cerr << "You can't sell more than you have!"
<< " Transaction is aborted. \n";
}
else
{
shares -= num;
share_val - price;
set_tot();
}
}
void Stock::update(double price)
{
share_val = price;
set_tot();
}
void Stock::show()
{
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
cout << "Company: " << company
<< " Shares: " << shares << endl
<< " Share Price: {1}quot; << share_val
<< " Total Worth: {1}quot; << total_val << endl;
}
int main()
{
using std::cout;
using std::ios_base;
Stock stock1;
stock1.acquire("NanoSmart", 20, 12.50);
cout.setf(ios_base::fixed);
cout.precision(2);
cout.setf(ios_base::showpoint);
stock1.show();
stock1.buy(15, 18.25);
stock1.show();
stock1.sell(400, 20.00);
stock1.show();
return 0;
}
// 程序清单16.5_vect1.cpp -- introducing the vector template
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <vector>
const int NUM = 5;
int main()
{
using std::vector;
using std::string;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
vector<int> ratings(NUM);
vector<string> titles(NUM);
cout << "You will do exactly as told. You will enter\n"
<< NUM << " book titles and your ratings (0-10). \n";
int i;
for (i = 0; i < NUM; i++)
{
cout << "Enter title #" << i + 1 << ": ";
getline(cin, titles[i]);
cout << "Enter your rating (0-10)";
cin >> ratings[i];
cin.get();
}
cout << "Thank you. You entered the following: \n"
<< "Rating\tBook\n";
for (i = 0; i < NUM; i++)
{
cout << ratings[i] << "\t" << titles[i] << endl;
}
cin.get();
return 0;
}
// 程序清单_16.6_vect2.cpp -- methods and iterators
// 这次的注释是个人加上去的
/*******************************************************************************
让我们先看一下运行结果吧：
Enter book title(quit to quit):The Cat who Knew Vectors
Enter book rating:5
Enter book title(quit to quit):Candid Canines
Enter book rating:7
Enter book title(quit to quit):Warriors of Work
Enter book rating:4
Enter book title(quit to quit):Quantum Manners
Enter book rating:8
Enter book title(quit to quit):quit
Thank you. You entered the follow:
Rating Book
5 The Cat who Knew Vectors
7 Candid Canines
4 Warriors of Work
8 Quantum Manners
5 The Cat who Knew Vectors
7 Candid Canines
4 Warriors of Work
8 Quantum Manners
After erasure:
5 The Cat who Knew Vectors
8 Quantum Manners
After insertion:
7 Candid Canines
5 The Cat who Knew Vectors
8 Quantum Manners
Swapping oldlist with books:
5 The Cat who Knew Vectors
7 Candid Canines
4 Warriors of Work
8 Quantum Manners
*******************************************************************************/
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
struct Review
{
std::string title;
int rating;
};
bool FillReview(Review & rr);
void ShowReview(const Review & rr);
int main()
{
using std::cout;
using std::vector;
vector<Review> books; // 定义容器的方法
Review temp;
while(FillReview(temp))
books.push_back(temp); // 容器将数据放到容器后的函数.push_back()
int num = books.size(); // 可用.size()测出容器的个数
if(num > 0)
{
cout << "Thank you. You entered the follow:\n"
<< "Rating\tBook\n";
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
ShowReview(books[i]);
}
vector<Review>::iterator pr; // 定义迭代器，可将其看为容器的指针
for (pr = books.begin(); pr != books.end(); pr++) // 迭代器可读取容器中的内容
{
ShowReview(*pr);
}
vector<Review> oldlist(books); // copy constructor used
if (num > 3)
{
// remove 2 items
books.erase(books.begin() + 1, books.begin() + 3);
cout << "After erasure:\n";
for (pr = books.begin(); pr != books.end(); pr++)// 开始与结束的位置
{
ShowReview(*pr);
}
// insert 1 item
books.insert(books.begin(), oldlist.begin() + 1, oldlist.begin() + 2);// 将后面空间的内容插入到开始的参数的位置
cout << "After insertion:\n";
for (pr = books.begin(); pr != books.end(); pr++)
{
ShowReview(*pr);
}
}
books.swap(oldlist); // 将容器 oldlist 与 books 整个交换，可以理解成两个容器换了名字，不过值的地址也是有改变的。
cout << "Swapping oldlist with books:\n";
for (pr = books.begin(); pr != books.end(); pr++)
{
ShowReview(*pr);
}
}
else
cout << "Nothing entered, nothing gained.\n";
std::cin.get();
return 0;
}
bool FillReview(Review & rr)
{
std::cout << "Enter book title(quit to quit):";
std::getline(std::cin, rr.title);
if (rr.title == "quit") // 使用这个函数可以方便地退出程序，system call时。返回false
{
return false;
}
std::cout << "Enter book rating:";
std::cin >> rr.rating;
if (!std::cin)
return false;
std::cin.get();
return true;
}
void ShowReview (const Review &rr)
{
std::cout << rr.rating << "\t" << rr.title << std::endl;
}
// binary.cpp -- binary file I/O
#include <iostream> // not required by most systems
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdlib> // (or stdlib.h)for exit()
inline void eatline() { while(std::cin.get()!= '\n') continue; }
struct planet
{
char name[20]; // name of planet
double population; // its population
double g; // its acceleration of gravity
};
const char * file = "planets.dat";
int main()
{
using namespace std;
planet pl;
cout << fixed << right;
// show initial contents
ifstream fin;
fin.open (file, ios_base::in | ios_base::binary); // binary file
// NOTE: some systems don't accept the ios_base::binary mode
if (fin.is_open())
{
cout << "Here are the current contents of the "
<< file << " file: \n";
while(fin.read((char *) &pl, sizeof pl))
{
cout << setw(20) << pl.name << ": "
<< setprecision (0) << setw(12) << pl.population
<< setprecision (2) << setw(6) << pl.g << endl;
}
fin.close();
}
// add new data
ofstream fout (file, ios_base::out | ios_base::app | ios_base::binary);
//NOTE: some systems don't accept the ios::binary mode
if(!fout.is_open())
{
cerr << "Can't open " << file << " file for output: \n";
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
cout << "Enter planet name(enter a blank line to quit): \n";
cin.get(pl.name, 20);
while(pl.name[0]!= '\0')
{
eatline();
cout << "Enter planetary population: ";
cin >> pl.population;
cout << "enter planet's acceleration of gravity: ";
cin >> pl.g;
eatline();
fout.write((char *)&pl, sizeof pl);
cout << "Enter planet name (enter a blank line to quit):\n";
}
fout.close();
// show revised file
fin.clear(); // not required for some implementations, but won't hurt
fin.open (file, ios_base::in | ios_base::binary);
if(fin.is_open())
{
cout << "Here are the new contents of the "
<< file << " file: \n";
while(fin.read((char*)&pl, sizeof pl))
{
cout << setw(20) << pl.name << ": "
<< setprecision(0) << setw(12) << pl.population
<< setprecision(2) << setw (6) << pl.g << endl;
}
fin.close();
}
cout << "Done.\n";
return 0;
}
扫一扫
375
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
