Python学习之函数

# coding=utf-8


import math


x = 1
print math.sqrt(x)


# callable函数可以判断函数是否可以调用
y = math.sqrt
print callable(x)
print callable(y)




def hello(name):
    return 'Hello, ' + name + '!'




print hello('world')
print hello('Gumby')




def fibs(num):
    result = [0, 1]
    for i in range(num - 2):
        result.append(result[-2] + result[-1])
    return result




print(fibs(10))


# 记录函数
def square(x):
    'Calculates the square of the number x.'
    return x * x




print square.__doc__




# 参数改变
def try_to_change(n):
    n = 'Mr. Gumby'




name = 'Mrs.Entity'
try_to_change(name)
print name




def change(n):
    n[0] = 'Mr.Gumby'




names = ['Mrs.ENtity', 'Mrs. Thing']
change(names)
print names


# 关键字参数和默认值
def hello_1(greeting, name):
    print '%s, %s!' % (greeting, name)




print hello_1(greeting='Hello', name='World')
print hello_1(name='World', greeting='Hello')




def hello_2(greeting='Hello', name='World'):
    print '%s, %s!' % (greeting, name)




print hello_2()
print hello_2('Greetings')


# 收集参数
def print_params(*params):
    print params


# 结果为元组打出来
print_params('Test')
print_params(1, 2, 3)




def print_params_2(title, *params):
    print title
    print params




print_params_2('Params:', 1, 2, 3)


# 返回的是字典
def print_param_3(**params):
    print params




print_param_3(x=1, y=2, z=3)




def print_param_4(x, y, z=3, *pospar, **keypar):
    print x, y, z
    print pospar
    print keypar




print print_param_4(1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, foo=1, bar=2)


# 反转过程
def add(x, y):
    return x + y




param = (1, 2)
print add(*param)


param = {'name': 'zhangsang', 'age': '100'}
hello_2(*param)


# 作用域
def foo(): x = 42




x = 1
foo()
print x


# 递归
def factorial(n):
    if (n == 1):
        return 1
    else:
        return n * factorial(n - 1)




print factorial(4)




def search(sequence, number, min, max):
    middle = (min + max) / 2
    num = int(sequence[middle])
    if (num == number):
        return middle
    elif (num > number):
        return search(sequence, number, min, middle - 1),
    else:
        return search(sequence, number, middle - 1, max),




print search('12345678', 4, 0, 7)


# Lambda函数，匿名函数
g = lambda x: x ** 2
print g(4)
a = lambda i, x: i ** 2 / x - i
print a(2, 6)


print map(lambda x: x ** 2, [i for i in range(10)])
# 等价于
a = range(10)
print map(lambda x: x ** 2, a)


# Pickle序列化
import pickle


account_info = {
    '11111111': ['11112222', 1500, 19000],
    '22222222': ['11112222', 1500, 19000]
}
# 二进制方式打开
f = file('account.dat', 'wb')
pickle.dump(account_info, f)
f.close()


f = file('account.dat')
name_list = pickle.load(f)
print name_list


# 正则表达式
import re
# 将正则表达式编译成Pattern对象
pattern = re.compile(r'Hello')
# 使用Pattern匹配文本，获得匹配结果，无法匹配时将返回None
match = pattern.match('Hello,world')
print pattern.findall('Hello,world,Hello')
if match:
    print match.group()


m = re.match(r'Hello', "Hello,world")
print m.group()


# 匹配一个数字
p = re.compile('\d')
print p.findall('dafkd3,4,k,kkkkkkkkkkkkk6')
# 匹配非数字
p = re.compile('\D')
print p.findall('dafkd3,4,k,kkkkkkkkkkkkk6')
# 匹配任何空白字符
p = re.compile('\s')
print p.findall('dafkd3,4,k,kkd  kkkk  kkkkkkk6')
# 匹配字母加数字
p = re.compile('\w')
print p.findall('dafkd3,4,k,kkd  kkkk  kkkkkkk6')
# 匹配非字母加数字
p = re.compile('\W')
print p.findall('dafkd3,4,k,kkd  kkkk  kkkkkkk6')
# 匹配一个或多个
p = re.compile('\d+')
# 按照能匹配的字串将原字符分割后返回列表
print p.split('abcdef23234fdsafdasw55dd5')
print p.findall('abcdef23234fdsafdasw55dd5')
# 替换
print re.sub('[abc]', 'o', 'Mark')
print re.sub('\d', 'dd', 'Mark 4 Lily')




# 模块
import sys


print sys.path
print sys.platform
print sys.maxint
print sys.version


import os


print os.path
print os.curdir
print os.defpath
print os.system('uname')
# print os.system('dir')
# os.mkdir('myDir')


import commands


print commands.getstatusoutput('dir')


print os.lstat('box.py')


# 生成迭代器


iter([x for x in range(10)])
# 或

(x for x in range(10))

输出：

"D:\Program Files\Python\python.exe" G:/HelloPython/list/function.py
1.0
False
True
Hello, world!
Hello, Gumby!
[0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34]
Calculates the square of the number x.
Mrs.Entity
['Mr.Gumby', 'Mrs. Thing']
Hello, World!
None
Hello, World!
None
Hello, World!
None
Greetings, World!
None
('Test',)
(1, 2, 3)
Params:
(1, 2, 3)
{'y': 2, 'x': 1, 'z': 3}
1 2 3
(5, 6, 7)
{'foo': 1, 'bar': 2}
None
3
age, name!
1
24
3
16
-2
[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
{'11111111': ['11112222', 1500, 19000], '22222222': ['11112222', 1500, 19000]}
['Hello', 'Hello']
Hello
Hello
['3', '4', '6']
['d', 'a', 'f', 'k', 'd', ',', ',', 'k', ',', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k']
[' ', ' ', ' ', ' ']
['d', 'a', 'f', 'k', 'd', '3', '4', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'd', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k', '6']
[',', ',', ',', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ']
['abcdef', 'fdsafdasw', 'dd', '']
['23234', '55', '5']
Mork
Mark dd Lily
['G:\\HelloPython\\list', 'G:\\HelloPython', 'C:\\Windows\\system32\\python27.zip', 'D:\\Program Files\\Python\\DLLs', 'D:\\Program Files\\Python\\lib', 'D:\\Program Files\\Python\\lib\\plat-win', 'D:\\Program Files\\Python\\lib\\lib-tk', 'D:\\Program Files\\Python', 'D:\\Program Files\\Python\\lib\\site-packages']
win32
2147483647
2.7.10 (default, May 23 2015, 09:44:00) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)]
<module 'ntpath' from 'D:\Program Files\Python\lib\ntpath.pyc'>
.
.;C:\bin
MINGW32_NT-6.1
0
(1, "'{' \xb2\xbb\xca\xc7\xc4\xda\xb2\xbf\xbb\xf2\xcd\xe2\xb2\xbf\xc3\xfc\xc1\xee\xa3\xac\xd2\xb2\xb2\xbb\xca\xc7\xbf\xc9\xd4\xcb\xd0\xd0\xb5\xc4\xb3\xcc\xd0\xf2\n\xbb\xf2\xc5\xfa\xb4\xa6\xc0\xed\xce\xc4\xbc\xfe\xa1\xa3")
nt.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=0L, st_dev=0L, st_nlink=0, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=477L, st_atime=1438422558L, st_mtime=1438422558L, st_ctime=1438422219L)


Process finished with exit code 0