14 Prototype 原型模式

在一个特定的场景中经常需要出现多个相同但状态各异的对象，通常的解决方法是通过new创建这些对象之后分别去设置这些对象的状态。原型设计模式提供了更快捷、更有效的解决方法。

通过clone()方法来复制一个指定类型的对象来创建更多同类型的对象。这个指定的对象可被称为“原型”对象，也就是通过复制原型对象来得到更多同类型的对象。

我们以克隆多利羊为例，有颜色，大小，角三个属性，sheep 必须实现 Cloneabe接口，否则报CloneNotSupportedException错误。

import java.io.*;

public class Sheep implements Cloneable,Serializable  {
    private String color;
    private Angle angle;
    private int size;

    //浅复制
    public Object clone(){
        Object object = null;
        try {
            object = super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException exception) {
            System.err.println("Sheep is not Cloneable");
        }
        return object;
     }

    //深复制
    public Object deepClone()throws IOException,ClassNotFoundException{ //深克隆
        ByteArrayOutputStream bo=new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream oo=new ObjectOutputStream(bo);
        oo.writeObject(this);

        ByteArrayInputStream bi=new ByteArrayInputStream(bo.toByteArray());
        ObjectInputStream oi=new ObjectInputStream(bi);
        return oi.readObject();
    }

   public Sheep(Angle angle,String color,int size){
       this.angle = angle;
       this.color=color;
       this.size=size;
   }

  //seter，getter方法省略

}

public class Angle implements Serializable{
    private int length;
    public Angle(int len){
        this.length=len;
    }
//seter，getter方法省略
}

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] agrs) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        Angle angle=new Angle(2);
        Sheep mother =new Sheep(angle,"white",40);  
        Sheep dolly = (Sheep)mother.clone();

        System.out.println("mother angle="+ mother.getAngle());
        System.out.println("dolly  angle="+ dolly.getAngle());
        System.out.println("mother angle="+ mother.getAngle().getLength());
        System.out.println("dolly  angle="+ dolly.getAngle().getLength());

        System.out.println("mother color="+ mother.getColor());
        System.out.println("dolly  color="+ dolly.getColor());

        System.out.println("mother size="+ mother.getSize());
        System.out.println("dolly  size="+ dolly.getSize());

 

        angle.setLength(3);
        mother.setAngle(angle);
        mother.setColor("Glay");
        mother.setSize(41);
        System.out.println("---------------after change------------------");
        System.out.println("mother angle="+ mother.getAngle());
        System.out.println("dolly  angle="+ dolly.getAngle());
        System.out.println("mother angle="+ mother.getAngle().getLength());
        System.out.println("dolly  angle="+ dolly.getAngle().getLength());

        System.out.println("mother color="+ mother.getColor());
        System.out.println("dolly  color="+ dolly.getColor());

        System.out.println("mother size="+ mother.getSize());
        System.out.println("dolly  size="+ dolly.getSize());

    }
}

//output

mother angle=com.design.Prototype.Angle@1a758cb
dolly  angle=com.design.Prototype.Angle@1a758cb
mother angle=2
dolly  angle=2
mother color=white
dolly  color=white
mother size=40
dolly  size=40
---------------after change------------------
mother angle=com.design.Prototype.Angle@1a758cb
dolly  angle=com.design.Prototype.Angle@1a758cb
mother angle=3
dolly  angle=3
mother color=Glay
dolly  color=white
mother size=41
dolly  size=40

若是 Sheep dolly = (Sheep)mother.clone();改为 Sheep dolly = (Sheep)mother.deepClone();

mother angle=com.design.Prototype.Angle@60aeb0
dolly  angle=com.design.Prototype.Angle@19b49e6
mother angle=2
dolly  angle=2
mother color=white
dolly  color=white
mother size=40
dolly  size=40
---------------after change------------------
mother angle=com.design.Prototype.Angle@60aeb0
dolly  angle=com.design.Prototype.Angle@19b49e6
mother angle=3
dolly  angle=2
mother color=Glay
dolly  color=white
mother size=41
dolly  size=40

从上面的输出结果我们可以看出使用Object.clone()方法只能浅层次的克隆，即只能对那些成员变量是基本类型或String类型的对象进行克隆，对哪些成员变量是类类型的对象进行克隆Prototype对象都共享同一个temp实例。