Android Handler创建分析

1，Handler的构造

    /**
     * Use the {@link Looper} for the current thread with the specified callback interface
     * and set whether the handler should be asynchronous.
     *
     * Handlers are synchronous by default unless this constructor is used to make
     * one that is strictly asynchronous.
     *
     * Asynchronous messages represent interrupts or events that do not require global ordering
     * with represent to synchronous messages.  Asynchronous messages are not subject to
     * the synchronization barriers introduced by {@link MessageQueue#enqueueSyncBarrier(long)}.
     *
     * @param callback The callback interface in which to handle messages, or null.
     * @param async If true, the handler calls {@link Message#setAsynchronous(boolean)} for
     * each {@link Message} that is sent to it or {@link Runnable} that is posted to it.
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
        if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
            final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
            if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
                    (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
                Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
                    klass.getCanonicalName());
            }
        }

       mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); // 
        if (mLooper == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
        }
        mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
        mCallback = callback;
        mAsynchronous = async;
    }

2， Android中的Looper类，是用来封装消息循环和消息队列的一个类，用于在android线程中进行消息处理。handler其实可以看做是一个工具类，用来向消息队列中插入消息的。

 (1) Looper类用来为一个线程开启一个消息循环。     默认情况下android中新诞生的线程是没有开启消息循环的。（主线程除外，主线程系统会自动为其创建Looper对象，开启消息循环。）     Looper对象通过MessageQueue来存放消息和事件。一个线程只能有一个Looper，对应一个MessageQueue。 

(2) 通常是通过Handler对象来与Looper进行交互的。Handler可看做是Looper的一个接口，用来向指定的Looper发送消息及定义处理方法。     默认情况下Handler会与其被定义时所在线程的Looper绑定，比如，Handler在主线程中定义，那么它是与主线程的Looper绑定。 mainHandler = new Handler() 等价于new Handler（Looper.myLooper()）. Looper.myLooper()：获取当前进程的looper对象，类似的 Looper.getMainLooper() 用于获取主线程的Looper对象。 

(3) 在非主线程中直接new Handler() 会报如下的错误: E/AndroidRuntime( 6173): Uncaught handler: thread Thread-8 exiting due to uncaught exception E/AndroidRuntime( 6173): java.lang.RuntimeException: Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare() 原因是非主线程中默认没有创建Looper对象，需要先调用Looper.prepare()启用Looper。 

(4) Looper.loop(); 让Looper开始工作，从消息队列里取消息，处理消息。 

3，继续Handler创建是调用的Looper方法

/**
     * Return the Looper object associated with the current thread.  Returns
     * null if the calling thread is not associated with a Looper.
     */
    public static Looper myLooper() {
        return sThreadLocal.get();
    }

4，接着分析Looper.prepare()方法

    // sThreadLocal.get() will return null unless you've called prepare().
    static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();

  /** Initialize the current thread as a looper.
      * This gives you a chance to create handlers that then reference
      * this looper, before actually starting the loop. Be sure to call
      * {@link #loop()} after calling this method, and end it by calling
      * {@link #quit()}.
      */
    public static void prepare() {
        prepare(true);
    }

    private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
        if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
        }
        sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
    }

5，插播下ThreadLocal

ThreadLocal.java：

/**
     * Sets the value of this variable for the current thread. If set to
     * {@code null}, the value will be set to null and the underlying entry will
     * still be present.
     *
     * @param value the new value of the variable for the caller thread.
     */
    public void set(T value) {
        Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
        Values values = values(currentThread);
        if (values == null) {
            values = initializeValues(currentThread);
        }
        values.put(this, value);
    }

/**
     * Gets Values instance for this thread and variable type.
     */
    Values values(Thread current) {
        return current.localValues;
    }

Thread.java

/**
     * Normal thread local values.
     */
    ThreadLocal.Values localValues;

    /**
     * Inheritable thread local values.
     */
    ThreadLocal.Values inheritableValues;