ABAP中的基础数据类型(b, c, d, decfloat16, decfloat34, f, i, int8, n, p, s, string, t, x, xstring)

很多同学不太清楚ABAP语言中的基础数据类型（ABAP Type），本篇文章总结了，在ABAP语言中，预定义的数据类型以及其初始值和长度。

总的来说，在ABAP语言中，系统预定义了以下这些数据类型：

b, c, d, decfloat16, decfloat34, f, i, int8, n, p, s, string, t, x, xstring.

按照种类的不同，这些数据类型可以分为4大类：

1. Numeric Types - 数字类型
2. Character-like Types - 字符类类型
3. Byte Types - 字节类型
4. Date Types and Time Types - 时间和日期类型

1. Numeric types(数字类型）

用途：用于处理数字类型的数据

Type	Length	Standard Length	Name	value range	initial value
b	1 byte		1-byte integer (internal)	0 to 255	0
s	2 byte		2-byte integer (internal)	-32,768 to +32,767	0
i	4 byte		4-byte integer	-2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647	0
int8	8 byte		8-byte integer	-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to +9,223,372,036,854,775,807	0
p	1 to 16 bytes	8 byte	Packed number	(-10^(2len-1) +1) / (10^(+dec)) to (+10^(2len-1) -1) /(10^(+dec))	0
decfloat16	8 byte		Decimal floating point number with 16 places	Valid values are numbers between 1E385(1E-16 - 1) and -1E-383 for the negative range, 0 and +1E-383 to 1E385(1 - 1E-16) for the positive range.	0
decfloat34	16 byte		Decimal floating point number with 34 places	Valid values are numbers between 1E6145(1E-34 - 1) and -1E-6143 for the negative range, 0 and +1E-6143 and 1E6145(1 - 1E-34) for the positive range.	0
f	8 byte		Binary floating point number with 17 places	Valid values are numbers between -1.7976931348623157E+308 and -2.2250738585072014E-308 for the negative range and between +2.2250738585072014E-308 and +1.7976931348623157E+308 for the positive range, plus 0.	0

用法举例：

DATA: num1   TYPE i,
      num2   TYPE i,
      result TYPE decfloat34.

...

result = num1 / num2.

2. Character-Like Types(字符类类型)

用途：用于处理字符和字符串类型的数据

Type	Length	Default Length	Name	value range	initial value
c	1 to 262,143 characters	One character	Text field	Any alphanumeric characters	" " for every place
n	1 to 262,143 characters	One character	Numeric text field	Any alphanumeric characters, but the only valid values are the digits 0 to 9	“0” for every place
string	Variable		Text string	As for type c	Empty string with length 0

用法举例：

DATA: flag TYPE c LENGTH 1,
      html TYPE string.

3. Byte-Like Types(字节类型)

用途：用于字节类型的数据

Type	Length	Default Length	Name	value range	initial value
x	1 to 524,287 bytes	1 byte	Byte field	Any byte values, hexadecimal 00 to FF	Hexadecimal 00
xstring	Variable		Byte string	As for type x	Empty string with length 0

用法举例：

DATA hex TYPE xstring.
hex =  cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to( `...` ).

4. Date Types and Time Types(日期和时间类型）

用途：用于日期和时间类型的数据

Type	Length	Default Length	Name	value range	initial value
d	8 characters		Date field	t “yyyymmdd”: “yyyy” (year): 0001 to 9999, “mm” (month): 01 to 12, “dd” (day): 01 to 31	“00000000”
t	6 characters		Time field	“hhmmss”. “hh” (hours): 00 to 23, “mm” (minutes): 00 to 59, “ss” (seconds): 00 to 59.	“000000”

用法举例：

DATA: tomorrow  TYPE d,
      next_hour TYPE t.

DATA(today) = sy-datlo.
DATA(now)   = sy-timlo.

tomorrow  = today + 1.
next_hour = ( now + 3600 ) / 3600 * 3600.

5. 数据字典中的内置数据类型（Built-In Data Types）

ABAP中的基础数据类型，可以在程序中直接使用。

基于ABAP中的基本数据类型，SAP在数据字典SE11中提供了一系列的内置数据类型，我们可以使用这些内置的数据类型，来定义更加有业务含义的类型，这也便是domain的data element的概念了。

SAP在数据字典中的内置数据类型（built-in data type），是基于基础数据类型(abap type) 定义的。

在ABAP的数字字典中，提供了37种预制类型。下图展示了Domain ----- 预制数据类型-----基础数据类型建的关系。

数据字典中的37种预制数据类型，可分为以下几类。

5.1 Numeric Types相关的

Type	Valid Places m	Decimal Places n	Initial Value	Meaning	ABAP Type
INT1	3	-	0	1-byte integer, 0 to 255	b
INT2	5	-	0	2-byte integer, -32,768 to 32,767	s
INT4	10	-	0	4-byte integer, -2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647	i
INT8	19	-	0	8-byte integer, -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to +9,223,372,036,854,775,807	int8
DEC	1-31	0-m, maximum 14	0	Packed number in BCD format	p, length m DIV 2 + 1, decimal places n
DF16_DEC	1-15	0-m, maximum 14	0	Decimal floating point number stored in BCD format	decfloat16
DF16_RAW	16	-	0	Decimal floating point number stored in binary format	decfloat16
DF34_DEC	1-31	0-m, maximum 14	0	Decimal floating point number stored in BCD format	decfloat34
DF34_RAW	34	-	0	Decimal floating point number stored in binary format	decfloat34
FLTP	16	16	0	Binary floating point number	f

5.2 Character-Like Types相关的

Type	Valid Places m	Initial Value	Meaning	ABAP Type
CHAR	1-30000, maximum of 1333 for table fields	m blanks	Character string	c, length m
LCHR	256-32000	None	long character string	c, length m
SSTRING	1-1333	Empty string	Character string	string
STRING	256-…	Empty string	Character string (CLOB)	string

5.3 Byte-Like Types相关的

Type	Valid Places m	Initial Value	Meaning	ABAP Type
RAW	1-32000 maximum of 255 for table fields	None	Byte string	x, length m
LRAW	256-32000	None	Long byte string	x, length m
RAWSTRING	256-…	Empty string	Byte string (BLOB)	xstring

5.4 Date Types/Time Types相关的

Type	Valid Places m	Initial Value	Meaning	ABAP Type
DATS	8	00000000	Date in the format YYYYMMDD	d
TIMS	6	000000	Time in the format HHMMSS	t
ACCP	6	6 blanks	Posting period in the format YYYYMM	n, length 6

5.5 一些有特定含义的Character-Like Types:

Type	Valid Places m	Initial Value	Meaning	ABAP Type
NUMC	1-255	m zeroes	Numeric text	n, length m
CLNT	3	000	Client	c, length 3
LANG	1	Blank	Language key	c, length 1

5.6 金额、数量相关的类型（Currency Fields and Quantity Fields）

Type	Valid Places m	Decimal Places n	Initial Value	Meaning	ABAP Type
CURR	1-31	1-m, maximum 14	0	Currency field in BCD format	p, length m DIV 2 + 1, decimal places n
CUKY	5	-	5 blanks	Currency key for currency fields	c, length 5
QUAN	1-31	0-m, maximum 14	0	Quantity field in BCD format	p, length m DIV 2 + 1, decimal places n
UNIT	2-3	-	2 or 3 blanks	Unit key of a quantity field	c, length m

希望在你对ABAP数据类型有疑问的时候，本篇博客可以帮助到你 😃

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