SpringMvc入门

1.创建maven下的web工程

2.导入依赖，主要依赖有

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>cn.HSY</groupId>
  <artifactId>SpringM</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>SpringM Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>



  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.5</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>SpringM</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

3.在webapp下的WEB-INF下的web.xml中导入一系列配置。

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

<!--  前端控制器-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

    <!--    配置服务器开启时加载SpringMvc配置文件-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>

    <!--    在启动时就创建对象-->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
<!--  解决中文乱码的过滤器-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

4.在Resources下创建springmvc.xml，导入约束

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!-- 配置创建 spring 的IOC功能的容器要扫描的包 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.HSY"></context:component-scan>

    <!-- 开启springmvc的注解支持 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>

    <!-- 视图解析器，“return”跳转时，让spring找 /WEB-INF/pages下的文件-->
    <bean id="InternalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>

	 <!-- 开启springmvc的过滤静态资源支持 -->
	<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
	
	<!--    文件解析器-->
    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
    </bean>
</beans>

5.在webapp下WEB-INF创建pages文件夹作为前端页面的文件夹。

6.在java下创建controller层，写上简单的controller代码。

//控制器类
@Controller
public class HelloController
{

//  响应hello的请求
    @RequestMapping(path = "/hello")
    public String sayHello()
    {
        System.out.println("helloSpringMvc");
        
//        默认去找success名称的jsp，通过springmvc.xml的视图解析器配置找的文件夹
        return "success";
    }
}

7.编写index页面做测试
index.jsp如下(最好删除自动生成的jsp重新创建，因为它没有设置字符集类型)

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>入门</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <a href="hello">入门</a>
    </body>
</html>

pages文件夹下的success.jsp如下

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>success</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        入门成功
    </body>
</html>

8.运行tomcat，测试成功。