Object Methodes: equals and hashCode

今天看了Object的equals（） and hashCode() method, 做下笔记

 

equals() method 需要遵守的条件：

• Reflexive（反射性）： X.equals(X) == true, 自身equals
• Symmetric（对称性）： 如果X.equals(Y)， 那么Y.equals（X）.
• Transitive(传递性): 如果X.equals(Y) 且Y.equals（Z） ， 那么X.equals（Z）.
• Consistent（稳定性）：如果X，Y相等，那么X.equals(X) == true， 无论何时。

hashCode() method

• 在同一个线程里，hashCode（）的返回值必须固定
• 如果两个实例equals， 那么hashCode（）也必须相同.

当改写equals（）方法时，也同样需要改写hashCode（）方法。

 

Reference：

 

public boolean equals(Object obj)

Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.

The equals method implements an equivalence relation on non-null object references:

It is reflexive: for any non-null reference value x, x.equals(x) should return true.
It is symmetric: for any non-null reference values x and y, x.equals(y) should return true if and only if y.equals(x) returns true.
It is transitive: for any non-null reference values x, y, and z, if x.equals(y) returns true and y.equals(z) returns true, then x.equals(z) should return true.
It is consistent: for any non-null reference values x and y, multiple invocations of x.equals(y) consistently return true or consistently return false, provided no information used in equals comparisons on the objects is modified.
For any non-null reference value x, x.equals(null) should return false.

The equals method for class Object implements the most discriminating possible equivalence relation on objects; that is, for any non-null reference values x and y, this method returns true if and only if x and y refer to the same object (x == y has the value true).

Note that it is generally necessary to override the hashCode method whenever this method is overridden, so as to maintain the general contract for the hashCode method, which states that equal objects must have equal hash codes.

Parameters:
obj - the reference object with which to compare.
Returns:
true if this object is the same as the obj argument; false otherwise.
See Also:
hashCode(), HashMap

 

public int hashCode()

Returns a hash code value for the object. This method is supported for the benefit of hash tables such as those provided by HashMap.

The general contract of hashCode is:

Whenever it is invoked on the same object more than once during an execution of a Java application, the hashCode method must consistently return the same integer, provided no information used in equals comparisons on the object is modified. This integer need not remain consistent from one execution of an application to another execution of the same application.
If two objects are equal according to the equals(Object) method, then calling the hashCode method on each of the two objects must produce the same integer result.
It is not required that if two objects are unequal according to the equals(java.lang.Object) method, then calling the hashCode method on each of the two objects must produce distinct integer results. However, the programmer should be aware that producing distinct integer results for unequal objects may improve the performance of hash tables.

As much as is reasonably practical, the hashCode method defined by class Object does return distinct integers for distinct objects. (This is typically implemented by converting the internal address of the object into an integer, but this implementation technique is not required by the JavaTM programming language.)

Returns:
a hash code value for this object.
See Also:
equals(java.lang.Object), System.identityHashCode(java.lang.Object)