iOS CoreData的基本使用

1.使用CoreData,必须添加CoreData框架

2.新建DataModel: Xcode-File-New-Core Data-Data Model, 文件名随便取,这里用Model命名

     

3.选中新增的DataModel文件,新建属性

3.1下面是新增好的Person\Book的属性

   

3.2注意Relationships,如果是"一对多"或"多对多"的关系,必须在type中选to many.例如下图,若干人都有这种书,所以Book的persons选"To Many".

4.设置好了DataModel之后,就可以生成Model了,依然是New- File -CoreData - NSManageObjectsubclass 

   

  

5.生成好的Model

//
//  Person.h
//  Core Data的使用
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <CoreData/CoreData.h>

@class Book;

@interface Person : NSManagedObject

@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString * name;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSNumber * age;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString * phoneNo;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSData * image;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSSet *books;
@end

@interface Person (CoreDataGeneratedAccessors)

- (void)addBooksObject:(Book *)value;
- (void)removeBooksObject:(Book *)value;
- (void)addBooks:(NSSet *)values;
- (void)removeBooks:(NSSet *)values;

@end

//  Person.m
//  Core Data的使用
//

#import "Person.h"
#import "Book.h"


@implementation Person

@dynamic name;
@dynamic age;
@dynamic phoneNo;
@dynamic image;
@dynamic books;

@end

6.打开数据库

@property (nonatomic,strong) NSManagedObjectContext * context;

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // 打开数据库
    [self openDB];    
}

- (void)openDB
{
    // 合并模型
    NSManagedObjectModel *model = [NSManagedObjectModel mergedModelFromBundles:nil];
    
    // 初始化 数据持久化调度器
    NSPersistentStoreCoordinator *psc = [[NSPersistentStoreCoordinator alloc]initWithManagedObjectModel:model];
    
    // 给数据持久化调度器 新增SQLite数据库
    NSString *doc = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
    NSString *path = [doc stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"person.data"] ;
    NSURL *url = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:path];
    
    NSError *error = nil;
    [psc addPersistentStoreWithType:NSSQLiteStoreType configuration:nil URL:url options:nil error:&error];
    
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"打开数据库出错--%@",error.localizedDescription);
    }else{
        NSLog(@"打开数据库成功!");
    }
    
    // 初始化上下文,设置上下文的数据持久化调度器属性
    _context = [[NSManagedObjectContext alloc]init];
    _context.persistentStoreCoordinator = psc;
    
}

PS:打开数据库的过程:

7.数据库操作

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // 打开数据库
    [self openDB];
    // 新增数据
    [self addperson];
    // 查询数据
    [self queryPersons];
    // 修改数据
    [self updatePersons];
    // 删除数据
    [self removePersons];
}

7.1新增数据

核心代码:

[NSEntityDescriptioninsertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"Person"inManagedObjectContext:_context];

[_context save:nil]

{
    Person *person = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"Person" inManagedObjectContext:_context];
    person.name = @"李四";
    person.age = @20;
    person.phoneNo = @"10010";
    person.image = UIImageJPEGRepresentation([UIImage imageNamed:@"头像1.jpg"], 1);
    
    Book *book1 = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"Book" inManagedObjectContext:_context];
    book1.name = @"ios从入门到精通";
    book1.author = @"菜鸟";
    book1.price = @20;
    
    Book *book2 = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"Book" inManagedObjectContext:_context];
    book2.name = @"ios设计模式";
    book2.author = @"高手";
    book2.price = @10;
    
    NSSet *books = [NSSet setWithObjects:book1, book2, nil];
    person.books = books;
    
    if ([_context save:nil]) {
        NSLog(@"新增成功");
    }else{
        NSLog(@"新增失败");
    }
    
}

7.2查询数据,用到了Fundation的NSPredicate(谓词),给request添加过滤条件

- (void)queryPersons
{
    NSFetchRequest *request = [NSFetchRequest fetchRequestWithEntityName:@"Person"];
    request.predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name LIKE '*三' "];
    NSArray *array = [_context executeFetchRequest:request error:nil];
    for (Person *p in array) {
        NSLog(@"姓名:%@  ,年龄:%@    ,电话:%@",p.name,p.age,p.phoneNo);
    }
}

7.3更新数据

- (void)updatePersons
{
    NSFetchRequest *request = [NSFetchRequest fetchRequestWithEntityName:@"Person"];
    request.predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"phoneNo = '10010' "];
    NSArray *array = [_context executeFetchRequest:request error:nil];
    for (Person *p in array) {
        p.name = @"加强版李四11";
    }
    
    if ([_context save:nil]) {
        NSLog(@"更新成功");
        
    }else{
        NSLog(@"更新失败");
        
    }
}

7.4删除数据

- (void)removePersons
{
    NSFetchRequest *request = [NSFetchRequest fetchRequestWithEntityName:@"Person"];
    request.predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name LIKE '*李四11'"];
    NSArray *array = [_context executeFetchRequest:request error:nil];
    for (Person *p in array) {
        [_context deleteObject:p];
    }
    if ([_context save:nil]) {
        NSLog(@"删除成功");
    }else{
        NSLog(@"删除失败");
    }
    
}

查询\更新\删除的核心代码:

[NSFetchRequestfetchRequestWithEntityName:@"Person"]; // 请求

[_contextexecuteFetchRequest:requesterror:nil]; // 上下文执行请求

除了查询, 更新\删除都用到了  [ _context save : nil ],因为更新\删除涉及到对数据库的修改