Ubuntu16.04在线安装Firefox

1、更新库包
sudo apt -y update && sudo apt -y upgrade

Hit:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [99.8 kB]      
Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [99.8 kB]       
Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-proposed InRelease [251 kB]
Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease [97.4 kB]
Fetched 548 kB in 1s (538 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following security updates require Ubuntu Pro with 'esm-infra' enabled:
  libpam0g libgssapi3-heimdal libxdmcp6 perl-base libpolkit-gobject-1-0
  libhttp-daemon-perl libcroco3 libdns-export162 fuse libcomerr2 libkrb5-3
  libgssapi-krb5-2 libisccfg140 libcups2 intel-microcode libdbus-1-3
  libwind0-heimdal uuid-runtime linux-headers-generic libfdisk1
  libsasl2-modules-db vim-common libnss3-nssdb libprotobuf-lite9v5
  libldap-2.4-2 libpam-modules openssl byobu libcairo-gobject2
  libgnutls-openssl27 ntfs-3g git-man libsystemd0 linux-image-generic libgd3
  libheimntlm0-heimdal cpp-5 dbus libpixman-1-0 python2.7-minimal libmount1
  tcpdump snapd libsqlite3-0 libxrender1 libicu55 libirs141 squashfs-tools
  bind9-host e2fsprogs zlib1g libavahi-common-data dnsutils libgmp10
  perl-modules-5.22 libavahi-common3 sudo libncurses5 python2.7 dnsmasq-base
  libheimbase1-heimdal libc6 util-linux libpython3.5 python3.5 open-vm-tools
  git openssh-sftp-server python3.5-minimal libsepol1 libpolkit-agent-1-0
  libk5crypto3 libisc160 udev locales passwd libsasl2-2 bind9utils libklibc
  libpam-runtime e2fslibs isc-dhcp-common grub-legacy-ec2 gcc-6-base
  libncursesw5 libx11-6 python3-requests libexpat1 libudev1 libvpx3 rsyslog
  krb5-locales libgcc1 libss2 mount libwayland-client0 libperl5.22 gcc-5-base
  apport libblkid1 dpkg libtiff5 libisc-export160 busybox-static libc-bin
  man-db libsasl2-modules libtinfo5 python3-apport libxi6 libkrb5support0
  libxmlsec1-openssl libpcre3 libxv1 libcap2 libfuse2 tar systemd-sysv
  libcap2-bin libuuid1 libgcrypt20 liblwres141 libhcrypto4-heimdal vim-runtime
  liblz4-1 gpgv vim libpam-systemd libxrandr2 distro-info-data xz-utils
  ncurses-term python3-pkg-resources systemd libsmartcols1 login libxfixes3
  libpolkit-backend-1-0 ncurses-bin libpam-modules-bin openssh-server
  libx11-data openssh-client sosreport bsdutils bind9 libgraphite2-3 libdns162
  libjpeg-turbo8 libglib2.0-data ncurses-base bash policykit-1 libjbig0
  libxml2 libpython2.7-minimal multiarch-support cpio libgnutls30 libnss3
  libroken18-heimdal libfreetype6 ca-certificates perl rsync vim-tiny
  libasn1-8-heimdal libzstd1 libisccc140 libkrb5-26-heimdal tmux cron libxpm4
  libpython3.5-stdlib libbind9-140 gzip libharfbuzz0b libtasn1-6 gnupg libice6
  libcairo2 libpython2.7-stdlib liblzma5 libpython3.5-minimal libstdc++6
  libavahi-client3 curl libhx509-5-heimdal isc-dhcp-client klibc-utils
  linux-generic python3-problem-report libpng12-0 libglib2.0-0 libxmlsec1
  uidmap libcurl3-gnutls libwayland-server0 libx11-xcb1 libfribidi0 libxslt1.1
  libssl1.0.0 bind9-doc tzdata busybox-initramfs libwayland-cursor0
Learn more about Ubuntu Pro for 16.04 at https://ubuntu.com/16-04
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

2、安装firefox
sudo apt-get -y -f install firefox

参数说明：

-y：直接通过确认

-f：同时安装相关依赖

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libcanberra0 libdbusmenu-glib4 libdbusmenu-gtk3-4 libogg0 libtdb1 libvorbis0a libvorbisfile3 sound-theme-freedesktop xul-ext-ubufox
Suggested packages:
  fonts-lyx libcanberra-gtk0 libcanberra-pulse
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  firefox libcanberra0 libdbusmenu-glib4 libdbusmenu-gtk3-4 libogg0 libtdb1 libvorbis0a libvorbisfile3 sound-theme-freedesktop xul-ext-ubufox
0 upgraded, 10 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 58.6 MB of archives.
After this operation, 237 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libogg0 amd64 1.3.2-1 [17.2 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 firefox amd64 88.0+build2-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [57.9 MB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libtdb1 amd64 1.3.8-2 [38.2 kB]                                                                                                
Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 libvorbis0a amd64 1.3.5-3ubuntu0.2 [86.0 kB]                                                                          
Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 libvorbisfile3 amd64 1.3.5-3ubuntu0.2 [15.9 kB]                                                                       
Get:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 sound-theme-freedesktop all 0.8-1 [385 kB]                                                                                     
Get:7 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libcanberra0 amd64 0.30-2.1ubuntu1 [37.4 kB]                                                                                   
Get:8 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libdbusmenu-glib4 amd64 16.04.1+16.04.20160927-0ubuntu1 [41.0 kB]                                                      
Get:9 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libdbusmenu-gtk3-4 amd64 16.04.1+16.04.20160927-0ubuntu1 [26.8 kB]                                                     
Get:10 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 xul-ext-ubufox all 3.4-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 [3,302 B]                                                                    
Fetched 58.6 MB in 19s (2,958 kB/s)                                                                                                                                                     
Selecting previously unselected package libogg0:amd64.
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Preparing to unpack .../xul-ext-ubufox_3.4-0ubuntu0.16.04.2_all.deb ...
Unpacking xul-ext-ubufox (3.4-0ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.15-0ubuntu1.1) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.59ubuntu1) ...
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Setting up libogg0:amd64 (1.3.2-1) ...
Setting up firefox (88.0+build2-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Please restart all running instances of firefox, or you will experience problems.
Setting up libtdb1:amd64 (1.3.8-2) ...
Setting up libvorbis0a:amd64 (1.3.5-3ubuntu0.2) ...
Setting up libvorbisfile3:amd64 (1.3.5-3ubuntu0.2) ...
Setting up sound-theme-freedesktop (0.8-1) ...
Setting up libcanberra0:amd64 (0.30-2.1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libdbusmenu-glib4:amd64 (16.04.1+16.04.20160927-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libdbusmenu-gtk3-4:amd64 (16.04.1+16.04.20160927-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up xul-ext-ubufox (3.4-0ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu11.3) ...

3、在 MobaXterm 中启动浏览器：
firefox

成功