处理器中基于PCIe Bus的NTB(Non-Transparent Bridge)支持

有些行业应用中，会使用到计算机集群设计，或者两个Node之间协同工作的设计，比如SMP的设计，NUMA的设计等，免不了需要将两个或者多个Node直接的高速总线link到一起。在Intel和AMD的架构设计中引入了 QPI总线和HT总线。

这里主要描述一下另外一种形态基于PCIe的NTB技术。

Non-Transparent Bridge，非透明桥，这个在intel的某些北桥(处理器)中已经已经集成，借此实现两个拥有独立IO/Memory 域的主板(处理器)直接沟通。

A PCI-Express non-transparent bridge (NTB) is a point-to-point PCIe bus
connecting 2 systems, providing electrical isolation between the two subsystems.
A non-transparent bridge is functionally similar to a transparent bridge except
that both sides of the bridge have their own independent address domains.  The
host on one side of the bridge will not have the visibility of the complete
memory or I/O space on the other side of the bridge.  To communicate across the
non-transparent bridge, each NTB endpoint has one (or more) apertures exposed to
the local system.  Writes to these apertures are mirrored to memory on the
remote system.  Communications can also occur through the use of doorbell
registers that initiate interrupts to the alternate domain, and scratch-pad
registers accessible from both sides.

The NTB device driver is needed to configure these memory windows, doorbell, and
scratch-pad registers as well as use them in such a way as they can be turned
into a viable communication channel to the remote system.  ntb_hw.[ch]
determines the usage model (NTB to NTB or NTB to Root Port) and abstracts away
the underlying hardware to provide access and a common interface to the doorbell
registers, scratch pads, and memory windows.  These hardware interfaces are
exported so that other, non-mainlined kernel drivers can access these.
ntb_transport.[ch] also uses the exported interfaces in ntb_hw.[ch] to setup a
communication channel(s) and provide a reliable way of transferring data from
one side to the other, which it then exports so that "client" drivers can access
them.  These client drivers are used to provide a standard kernel interface
(i.e., Ethernet device) to NTB, such that Linux can transfer data from one
system to the other in a standard way.

Linux的驱动patch： https://lwn.net/Articles/506761/