【Java】GeoTools-Geometry CRS Tutorial

前言

本章的主要内容是投影的图形坐标系哦的转换

CRS Lab Application

首先还是导入所需的依赖

   <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
            <artifactId>gt-shapefile</artifactId>
            <version>${geotools.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
            <artifactId>gt-swing</artifactId>
            <version>${geotools.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
            <artifactId>gt-epsg-hsql</artifactId>
            <version>${geotools.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>osgeo</id>
      <name>OSGeo Release Repository</name>
      <url>https://repo.osgeo.org/repository/release/</url>
      <snapshots><enabled>false</enabled></snapshots>
      <releases><enabled>true</enabled></releases>
    </repository>
    <repository>
      <id>osgeo-snapshot</id>
      <name>OSGeo Snapshot Repository</name>
      <url>https://repo.osgeo.org/repository/snapshot/</url>
      <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
      <releases><enabled>false</enabled></releases>
    </repository>
  </repositories>

然后创建我们的CRSLab类

public class CRSLab {

    private File sourceFile;
    private SimpleFeatureSource featureSource;
    private MapContent map;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        CRSLab lab = new CRSLab();
        lab.displayShapefile();
    }

这里在main中new了CRSLab类，并执行了其中的displayShapefile方法，从名字就可以看出是用来展示shapefile的一个方法，具体实现往下看

private void displayShapefile() throws Exception {
        sourceFile = JFileDataStoreChooser.showOpenFile("shp", null);
        if (sourceFile == null) {
            return;
        }
        FileDataStore store = FileDataStoreFinder.getDataStore(sourceFile);
        featureSource = store.getFeatureSource();

        // Create a map context and add our shapefile to it
        map = new MapContent();
        Style style = SLD.createSimpleStyle(featureSource.getSchema());
        Layer layer = new FeatureLayer(featureSource, style);
        map.layers().add(layer);

        // Create a JMapFrame with custom toolbar buttons
        JMapFrame mapFrame = new JMapFrame(map);
        mapFrame.enableToolBar(true);
        mapFrame.enableStatusBar(true);

        JToolBar toolbar = mapFrame.getToolBar();
        toolbar.addSeparator();
        toolbar.add(new JButton(new ValidateGeometryAction()));
        toolbar.add(new JButton(new ExportShapefileAction()));

        // Display the map frame. When it is closed the application will exit
        mapFrame.setSize(800, 600);
        mapFrame.setVisible(true);
    }

在displayShapefile方法中，首先使用文件选择器JFileDataStoreChooser.showOpenFile("shp", null);选择shapefile文件。然后创建了地图容器new MapContent();和地图框架new JMapFrame(map);来展示加载的shapefile文件。这一步没什么可说的，关键点在下面，我们给地图框架的ToolBar添加了两个按钮

        JToolBar toolbar = mapFrame.getToolBar();
        toolbar.addSeparator();
        toolbar.add(new JButton(new ValidateGeometryAction()));
        toolbar.add(new JButton(new ExportShapefileAction()));

并为两个按钮定义了两个类new ValidateGeometryAction()和new ExportShapefileAction()作为按钮点击后的执行的内容，本文的关键也在这两个类之间。
首先来看第一个

class ValidateGeometryAction extends SafeAction {
        ValidateGeometryAction() {
            super("Validate geometry");
            putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Check each geometry");
        }

        public void action(ActionEvent e) throws Throwable {
            int numInvalid = validateFeatureGeometry(null);
            String msg;
            if (numInvalid == 0) {
                msg = "All feature geometries are valid";
            } else {
                msg = "Invalid geometries: " + numInvalid;
            }
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(
                    null, msg, "Geometry results", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
        }
    }

可以看到这个类继承了SafeAction的类
通过翻阅源码可知，SafeAction是AbstractAction的子类，属于其”安全版本“，它将记录所有的错误信息。而AbstractAction是JFC Action接口的实现，也就是执行的接口了（这里有点难以描述，感兴趣的可以去查阅源码，不感兴趣只需要知道我们实现继承SafeAction并重写其action方法就可以实现按钮的功能即可）
在action方法中调用了另一个方法validateFeatureGeometry(null)
该方法详情如下

   private int validateFeatureGeometry(ProgressListener progress) throws Exception {
        final SimpleFeatureCollection featureCollection = featureSource.getFeatures();

        // Rather than use an iterator, create a FeatureVisitor to check each fature
        class ValidationVisitor implements FeatureVisitor {
            public int numInvalidGeometries = 0;

            public void visit(Feature f) {
                SimpleFeature feature = (SimpleFeature) f;
                Geometry geom = (Geometry) feature.getDefaultGeometry();
                if (geom != null && !geom.isValid()) {
                    numInvalidGeometries++;
                    System.out.println("Invalid Geoemtry: " + feature.getID());
                }
            }
        }

        ValidationVisitor visitor = new ValidationVisitor();

        // Pass visitor and the progress bar to feature collection
        featureCollection.accepts(visitor, progress);
        return visitor.numInvalidGeometries;
    }

其作用是验证shapefile中的要素图形是否合法，并且返回上面读取的要素中的合法的要素的数量。这个按钮的功能也就是验证导入的shapefile中的合法的要素的数量。
再看看第二个按钮的类

    class ExportShapefileAction extends SafeAction {
        ExportShapefileAction() {
            super("Export...");
            putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Export using current crs");
        }

        public void action(ActionEvent e) throws Throwable {
            exportToShapefile();
        }
    }

该类调用了方法exportToShapefile()

 private void exportToShapefile() throws Exception {
        SimpleFeatureType schema = featureSource.getSchema();
        JFileDataStoreChooser chooser = new JFileDataStoreChooser("shp");
        chooser.setDialogTitle("Save reprojected shapefile");
        chooser.setSaveFile(sourceFile);
        int returnVal = chooser.showSaveDialog(null);
        if (returnVal != JFileDataStoreChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {
            return;
        }
        File file = chooser.getSelectedFile();
        if (file.equals(sourceFile)) {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Cannot replace " + file);
            return;
        }
 		CoordinateReferenceSystem dataCRS = schema.getCoordinateReferenceSystem();
        CoordinateReferenceSystem worldCRS = map.getCoordinateReferenceSystem();
        boolean lenient = true; // allow for some error due to different datums
        MathTransform transform = CRS.findMathTransform(dataCRS, worldCRS, lenient);
		
		SimpleFeatureCollection featureCollection = featureSource.getFeatures();
 		Transaction transaction = new DefaultTransaction("Reproject");
        try (FeatureWriter<SimpleFeatureType, SimpleFeature> writer =
                        dataStore.getFeatureWriterAppend(createdName, transaction);
                SimpleFeatureIterator iterator = featureCollection.features()) {
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                // copy the contents of each feature and transform the geometry
                SimpleFeature feature = iterator.next();
                SimpleFeature copy = writer.next();
                copy.setAttributes(feature.getAttributes());

                Geometry geometry = (Geometry) feature.getDefaultGeometry();
                Geometry geometry2 = JTS.transform(geometry, transform);

                copy.setDefaultGeometry(geometry2);
                writer.write();
            }
            transaction.commit();
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Export to shapefile complete");
        } catch (Exception problem) {
            problem.printStackTrace();
            transaction.rollback();
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Export to shapefile failed");
        } finally {
            transaction.close();
        }
    }

从名字可以看出是一个导出shapefile的类，还是逐行看一下功能
首先是选择文件保存的位置

        SimpleFeatureType schema = featureSource.getSchema();
        JFileDataStoreChooser chooser = new JFileDataStoreChooser("shp");
        chooser.setDialogTitle("Save reprojected shapefile");
        chooser.setSaveFile(sourceFile);
        int returnVal = chooser.showSaveDialog(null);
        if (returnVal != JFileDataStoreChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {
            return;
        }
        File file = chooser.getSelectedFile();
        if (file.equals(sourceFile)) {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Cannot replace " + file);
            return;
        }

然后进行坐标的转换

		CoordinateReferenceSystem dataCRS = schema.getCoordinateReferenceSystem();
        CoordinateReferenceSystem worldCRS = map.getCoordinateReferenceSystem();
        boolean lenient = true; // allow for some error due to different datums
        MathTransform transform = CRS.findMathTransform(dataCRS, worldCRS, lenient);

这里首先获取了源shapefile的坐标系，然后获取了地图容器的左边西，然后建立了两者之间转换的数学方法transform
下面为导出的shapefile文件创建要素类型

        DataStoreFactorySpi factory = new ShapefileDataStoreFactory();
        Map<String, Serializable> create = new HashMap<>();
        create.put("url", file.toURI().toURL());
        create.put("create spatial index", Boolean.TRUE);
        DataStore dataStore = factory.createNewDataStore(create);
        SimpleFeatureType featureType = SimpleFeatureTypeBuilder.retype(schema, worldCRS);
        dataStore.createSchema(featureType);

        // Get the name of the new Shapefile, which will be used to open the FeatureWriter
        String createdName = dataStore.getTypeNames()[0];

最后创建一个事务，将源shapefile的所有要素转换坐标系后添加到新的文件中

        SimpleFeatureCollection featureCollection = featureSource.getFeatures();
         Transaction transaction = new DefaultTransaction("Reproject");
        try (FeatureWriter<SimpleFeatureType, SimpleFeature> writer =
                        dataStore.getFeatureWriterAppend(createdName, transaction);
                SimpleFeatureIterator iterator = featureCollection.features()) {
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                // copy the contents of each feature and transform the geometry
                SimpleFeature feature = iterator.next();
                SimpleFeature copy = writer.next();
                copy.setAttributes(feature.getAttributes());

                Geometry geometry = (Geometry) feature.getDefaultGeometry();
                Geometry geometry2 = JTS.transform(geometry, transform);

                copy.setDefaultGeometry(geometry2);
                writer.write();
            }
            transaction.commit();
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Export to shapefile complete");
        } catch (Exception problem) {
            problem.printStackTrace();
            transaction.rollback();
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Export to shapefile failed");
        } finally {
            transaction.close();
        }

可以看到这里使用了JTS的transform方法并传入了源geometry和转换的transform来进行坐标系的转换。
最后运行main方法即可。

拓展

Geometry

Geometry其实就是GIS的形状，是要素的几何外形。
下面有几个典型的Geometry和其创建方式
Point

GeometryFactory geometryFactory = JTSFactoryFinder.getGeometryFactory(null);

WKTReader reader = new WKTReader(geometryFactory);
Point point = (Point) reader.read("POINT (1 1)");

Line

GeometryFactory geometryFactory = JTSFactoryFinder.getGeometryFactory(null);

WKTReader reader = new WKTReader(geometryFactory);
LineString line = (LineString) reader.read("LINESTRING(0 2, 2 0, 8 6)");