Logistic / Sigmoid function
g(x)=11+e−x=ex1+ex
g
(
x
)
=
1
1
+
e
−
x
=
e
x
1
+
e
x
g(−x)=11+ex=e−x1+e−x
g
(
−
x
)
=
1
1
+
e
x
=
e
−
x
1
+
e
−
x
g(x)+g(−x)=1
g
(
x
)
+
g
(
−
x
)
=
1
g(0)=12
g
(
0
)
=
1
2
limx→+∞g(x)=1,limx→−∞g(x)=0
lim
x
→
+
∞
g
(
x
)
=
1
,
lim
x
→
−
∞
g
(
x
)
=
0
g′(x)=−1(1+e−x)2⋅e−x⋅(−1)=1(1+e−x)2e−x
g
′
(
x
)
=
−
1
(
1
+
e
−
x
)
2
⋅
e
−
x
⋅
(
−
1
)
=
1
(
1
+
e
−
x
)
2
e
−
x
=11+e−x⋅e−x1+e−x=g(x)g(−x)=g(x)[1−g(x)]
=
1
1
+
e
−
x
⋅
e
−
x
1
+
e
−
x
=
g
(
x
)
g
(
−
x
)
=
g
(
x
)
[
1
−
g
(
x
)
]
g′(x)>0,x∈R
g
′
(
x
)
>
0
,
x
∈
R
g′′(x)={g(x)[1−g(x)]}′
g
″
(
x
)
=
{
g
(
x
)
[
1
−
g
(
x
)
]
}
′
=g′(x)[1−g(x)]+g(x)[1−g(x)]′
=
g
′
(
x
)
[
1
−
g
(
x
)
]
+
g
(
x
)
[
1
−
g
(
x
)
]
′
=g′(x)[1−g(x)]−g(x)g′(x)
=
g
′
(
x
)
[
1
−
g
(
x
)
]
−
g
(
x
)
g
′
(
x
)
=g′(x)[1−2g(x)]
=
g
′
(
x
)
[
1
−
2
g
(
x
)
]
=g(x)[1−g(x)][1−2g(x)]
=
g
(
x
)
[
1
−
g
(
x
)
]
[
1
−
2
g
(
x
)
]
g′′(x)⎧⎩⎨<0,x>0,=0,x=0,>0,x<0,
g
″
(
x
)
{
<
0
,
x
>
0
,
=
0
,
x
=
0
,
>
0
,
x
<
0
,
tanh function
tanh(x)=2g(2x)−1=ex−e−xex+e−x tanh ( x ) = 2 g ( 2 x ) − 1 = e x − e − x e x + e − x
tanh′(x)=2g′(2x)⋅2=4g(2x)[1−g(2x)]=[1+tanh(x)][1−tanh(x)]
tanh
′
(
x
)
=
2
g
′
(
2
x
)
⋅
2
=
4
g
(
2
x
)
[
1
−
g
(
2
x
)
]
=
[
1
+
tanh
(
x
)
]
[
1
−
tanh
(
x
)
]
=1−[tanh(x)]2
=
1
−
[
tanh
(
x
)
]
2