最近在做一个需要用到异步PHP的项目, 翻阅PHP源码的时候,发现了三个没有用过的模块,sysvsem,sysvshm,sysvmsg,一番研究以后,受益非浅。
在PHP中有这么一族函数,他们是对UNIX的V IPC函数族的包装。
它们很少被人们用到,但是它们却很强大。巧妙的运用它们,可以让你事倍功半。
它们包括:
- 信号量(Semaphores)
- 共享内存(Shared Memory)
- 进程间通信(Inter-Process Messaging, IPC)
基于这些,我们完全有可能将PHP包装成一基于消息驱动的系统。
但是,首先,我们需要介绍几个重要的基础:
1. ftok
2. ticks
Ticks是从PHP 4.0.3开始才加入到PHP中的,它是一个在declare代码段中解释器每执行N条低级语句就会发生的事件。N的值是在declare中的directive部分用ticks=N来指定的。
print_r connection_status ();
debug_print_backtrace ();
}
reigster_tick_function(
for ( $i = 1 ; $i < 999 ; $i ++ ){
echo “ hello “ ;
}
}
unregister_tick_function ( “ getStatus “ );这个就基本相当于:
print_r connection_status ();
debug_print_backtrace ();
}
reigster_tick_function(
“ getStatus “ , true ); declare (ticks = 1 ){for ( $i = 1 ; $i < 999 ; $i ++ ){
echo “ hello “ ; getStatus( true );
}
}
unregister_tick_function ( “ getStatus “ );消息,我现在用一个例子来说明,如何结合Ticks来实现PHP的消息通信。
if ( ! is_resource ( $mesg_id )){
print_r ( “ Mesg Queue is not Ready “ );
}
if (msg_receive( $mesg_id , 0 , $mesg_type , 1024 , $mesg , false , MSG_IPC_NOWAIT)){
print_r ( “ Process got a new incoming MSG: $mesg “ );
}
}
register_tick_function ( “ fetchMessage “ , $mesg_id ); declare (ticks = 2 ){$i = 0 ;
while ( ++ $i < 100 ){
if ( $i % 5 == 0 ){
msg_send(
$mesg_id , 1 , “ Hi: Now Index is : “ . $i );}
}
}
//msg_remove_queue(
$mesg_id );在这个例子中,首先将我们的PHP执行Process加入到一个由ftok生成的Key所获得的消息队列中。
然后,通过Ticks,没隔俩个语句,就去查询一次消息队列。
然后模拟了消息发送。
在浏览器访问这个脚本,结果如下:
Process got a new incoming MSG: s:20:”Hi: Now Index is :10″;
Process got a new incoming MSG: s:20:”Hi: Now Index is :15″;
Process got a new incoming MSG: s:20:”Hi: Now Index is :20″;
Process got a new incoming MSG: s:20:”Hi: Now Index is :25″;
Process got a new incoming MSG: s:20:”Hi: Now Index is :30″;
Process got a new incoming MSG: s:20:”Hi: Now Index is :35″;
Process got a new incoming MSG: s:20:”Hi: Now Index is :40″;
Process got a new incoming MSG: s:20:”Hi: Now Index is :45″;
Process got a new incoming MSG: s:20:”Hi: Now Index is :50″;
Process got a new incoming MSG: s:20:”Hi: Now Index is :55″;
Process got a new incoming MSG: s:20:”Hi: Now Index is :60″;
Process got a new incoming MSG: s:20:”Hi: Now Index is :65″;
Process got a new incoming MSG: s:20:”Hi: Now Index is :70″;
Process got a new incoming MSG: s:20:”Hi: Now Index is :75″;
Process got a new incoming MSG: s:20:”Hi: Now Index is :80″;
Process got a new incoming MSG: s:20:”Hi: Now Index is :85″;
Process got a new incoming MSG: s:20:”Hi: Now Index is :90″;
Process got a new incoming MSG: s:20:”Hi: Now Index is :95″;
看到这里是不是,大家已经对怎么模拟PHP为事件驱动已经有了一个概念了? 别急,我们继续完善。
2. 信号量
信号量的概念,大家应该都很熟悉。通过信号量,可以实现进程通信,竞争等。 再次就不赘述了,只是简单的列出PHP中提供的信号量函数集。
sem_get
– Get a semaphore idsem_release
– Release a semaphoresem_remove
– Remove a semaphore具体信息,可以翻阅PHP手册。
3. 内存共享
PHP sysvshm提供了一个内存共享方案:sysvshm,它是和sysvsem,sysvmsg一个系列的,但在此处,我并没有使用它,我使用的shmop系列函数,结合TIcks
printf ( “ %s: %s<br/> “ , date ( “ H:i:s “ , $now ) , memory_get_usage());
// var_dump(debug_backtrace());
//var_dump(__FUNCTION__);
//debug_print_backtrace();
} register_tick_function ( “ memoryUsage “ ); declare (ticks = 1 ){ $shm_key = ftok( __FILE__ , ‘ s ‘ ); $shm_id = shmop_open( $shm_key , ‘ c ‘ , 0644 , 100 );}
printf ( “ Size of Shared Memory is: %s<br/> “ , shmop_size( $shm_id )); $shm_text = shmop_read( $shm_id , 0 , 100 ); eval ( $shm_text ); if ( ! empty ( $share_array )){var_dump ( $share_array );
$share_array [ ' id ' ] += 1 ;
}
else {$share_array = array ( ‘ id ‘ => 1 );
}
$out_put_str = “ $share_array = “ . var_export ( $share_array , true ) . “ ; “ ; $out_put_str = str_pad ( $out_put_str , 100 , “ “ , STR_PAD_RIGHT);shmop_write(
$shm_id , $out_put_str , 0 ); ?>运行这个例子,不断刷新,我们可以看到index在递增。
单单使用这个shmop就能完成一下,PHP脚本之间共享数据的功能:以及,比如缓存,计数等等。
未完待续