Ruby的类成员作用域与self

请考虑一下代码

class Test
private
  def self.test
    puts 'arst'
  end
  def test
    puts 'arst'
  end
  class << self
    def test2
      puts 'arst'
    end
    private
    def test3
      puts 'arst'
    end
  end
end

Test.test
Test.test2
begin
  Test.test3
rescue StandardError => e
  p e
end
begin
  Test.new.test
rescue StandardError => e
  p e
end

结果为

arst
arst
#<NoMethodError: private method `test3' called for Test:Class>
#<NoMethodError: private method `test' called for #<Test:0x2c28060>>

类方法Test.test是不受作用域修饰符private影响的，可能原因在于self.的声明方式其实只是class<<self的语法糖。