FreeRTOS内存堆初始化函数prvHeapInit源码分析（10.5.1版本）

static void prvHeapInit( void ) /* PRIVILEGED_FUNCTION */
{
    BlockLink_t * pxFirstFreeBlock;
    uint8_t * pucAlignedHeap;
    portPOINTER_SIZE_TYPE uxAddress;

    /* 获取内存堆的大小， 即配置项 configTOTAL_HEAP_SIZE 的值 */
    size_t xTotalHeapSize = configTOTAL_HEAP_SIZE;

    /* Ensure the heap starts on a correctly aligned boundary. */
    /* 获取内存堆的起始地址 */
    uxAddress = ( portPOINTER_SIZE_TYPE ) ucHeap;

    /* 将内存堆的起始地址按 portBYTE_ALIGNMENT 字节向上对齐
     * 并且重新计算地址对齐后内存堆的大小
     * uxAddress & 0x0111 ，8 字节对齐
     * 例如 0x0100，与运算不为0，所以没有对齐
     */
    if( ( uxAddress & portBYTE_ALIGNMENT_MASK ) != 0 )
    {
        uxAddress += ( portBYTE_ALIGNMENT - 1 );
        uxAddress &= ~( ( portPOINTER_SIZE_TYPE ) portBYTE_ALIGNMENT_MASK );
        /* 得到字节对齐后的地址 */

        /* 字节对齐后剩余总大小，舍弃一部分内存 */
        xTotalHeapSize -= uxAddress - ( portPOINTER_SIZE_TYPE ) ucHeap;
    }

    /* 获取对齐后的地址 */
    pucAlignedHeap = ( uint8_t * ) uxAddress;

    /* xStart is used to hold a pointer to the first item in the list of free
     * blocks.  The void cast is used to prevent compiler warnings. */
    /* xStart 内存块的下一个内存块指向内存堆 */
    xStart.pxNextFreeBlock = ( void * ) pucAlignedHeap;

    /* xStart 内存块的大小固定为 0 */
    xStart.xBlockSize = ( size_t ) 0;

    /* pxEnd is used to mark the end of the list of free blocks and is inserted
     * at the end of the heap space. */
    /* 从内存堆的末尾与空出一个内存块结构体的内存
     * 并让 pxEnd 指向这个内存块
     */

    /* 获取内存堆的结束地址 */
    uxAddress = ( ( portPOINTER_SIZE_TYPE ) pucAlignedHeap ) + xTotalHeapSize;

    /* 为 pxEnd 内存块预留内存空间 */
    uxAddress -= xHeapStructSize;

    /* 地址按 portBYTE_ALIGNMENT 字节向下对齐 */
    uxAddress &= ~( ( portPOINTER_SIZE_TYPE ) portBYTE_ALIGNMENT_MASK );
    
    /* 设置 pxEnd */
    pxEnd = ( BlockLink_t * ) uxAddress;

    /* pxEnd 内存块的大小固定为 0 */
    pxEnd->xBlockSize = 0;

    /* pxEnd 指向的内存块没有下一个内存块 */
    pxEnd->pxNextFreeBlock = NULL;

    /* To start with there is a single free block that is sized to take up the
     * entire heap space, minus the space taken by pxEnd. */
    /* 将内存堆作为一个空闲内存块 */
    pxFirstFreeBlock = ( BlockLink_t * ) pucAlignedHeap;

    /* 设置空闲内存块的大小
     * 空闲内存块的大小为 pxEnd 指向的地址减内存块结构体的大小
     */
    pxFirstFreeBlock->xBlockSize = ( size_t ) ( uxAddress - ( portPOINTER_SIZE_TYPE ) pxFirstFreeBlock );
    
    /* 空闲内存块的下一个内存块指向 pxEnd */
    pxFirstFreeBlock->pxNextFreeBlock = pxEnd;

    /* Only one block exists - and it covers the entire usable heap space. */
    /* 此时内存堆中只有一个空闲内存块，
     * 并且这个内存块覆盖了整个内存堆空间
     */
    /* 历史剩余堆栈最小 */
    xMinimumEverFreeBytesRemaining = pxFirstFreeBlock->xBlockSize;

    /* 当前空闲堆栈大小 */
    xFreeBytesRemaining = pxFirstFreeBlock->xBlockSize;
}