说明:本文是《大话设计模式》一书的学习文摘和网上相关信息文摘,原书代码例子用C#写,下面用Java改写。
1、简单工厂模式是属于创建型模式,又叫做静态工厂方法模式。
它的实现方式是由一个工厂类根据传入的参数,动态决定应该创建哪一个产品类(这些产品类继承自一个父类或接口)的实例。
2、简单工厂模式由三种角色组成:
(1)工厂角色:简单工厂模式的核心,它负责实现创建所有实例的内部逻辑。工厂类的创建产品类的方法可以被外界直接调用,创建所需的产品对象。
(2)抽象产品角色:简单工厂模式所创建的所有对象的父类,它负责描述所有实例所共有的公共接口。
(3)具体产品角色:是简单工厂模式的创建目标,所有创建的对象都是充当这个角色的某个具体类的实例。
3、简单工厂模式的UML类图:
4、下面实现了一个加减乘除的简单工厂模式
package demo1;
public abstract class Operation {
private double numberA = 0;
private double numberB = 0;
public void setNumberA(double numberA) {
this.numberA = numberA;
}
public void setNumberB(double numberB) {
this.numberB = numberB;
}
public double getNumberA() {
return numberA;
}
public double getNumberB() {
return numberB;
}
public double getResult() {
double result = 0;
return result;
}
}
package demo1;
public class OperationAdd extends Operation {
@Override
public double getResult() {
double result = 0;
result = super.getNumberA() + super.getNumberB();
return result;
}
}
package demo1;
public class OperationSub extends Operation {
@Override
public double getResult() {
double result = 0;
result = super.getNumberA() - super.getNumberB();
return result;
}
}
package demo1;
public class OperationMul extends Operation {
@Override
public double getResult() {
double result = 0;
result = super.getNumberA() * super.getNumberB();
return result;
}
}
package demo1;
public class OperationDiv extends Operation {
@Override
public double getResult() {
double result = 0;
if (super.getNumberB() == 0)
throw new ArithmeticException("除数不能为0.");
result = super.getNumberA() / super.getNumberB();
return result;
}
}
package demo1;
public class OperationFactory {
public static Operation createOperate(String operate) {
Operation oper = null;
switch (operate) {
case "+":
oper = new OperationAdd();
break;
case "-":
oper = new OperationSub();
break;
case "*":
oper = new OperationMul();
break;
case "/":
oper = new OperationDiv();
break;
}
return oper;
}
}
package demo1;
public class Demo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Operation oper;
oper = OperationFactory.createOperate("/");
oper.setNumberA(10);
oper.setNumberB(7);
double result = oper.getResult();
System.out.println(result);
}
}