Introduction to the zSpace Platform（zSpace平台介绍）

This chapter covers the following topics:

l  Understanding 3D Basics

l  Experiencing 3D in zSpace

l  Making the Most of zSpace

本章节包括如下主题：

·理解3D基础

·在zSpace中体验3D

·充分利用zSpace

Understanding 3D Basics理解3D基础

This section provides an overview of howyou experience 3D in the real world. This starts with binocular andstereoscopic vision, with additional depth cues from motion parallax andproprioception. If this sounds familiar, you can skip ahead to the nextsection.

这部分内容主要是对在现实世界中如何感受3D进行一个概述。这源于双目和立体视觉，来自于运动视差和本体感受的附加深度。如果这部分听起来熟悉，可以跳至下一章节。

You see things in three dimensions becauseyou see slightly different views from each eye. The ability to see out of botheyes simultaneously is called binocular vision. Assuming the objects are nottoo close, your brain fuses the two views into a single view. Stereoscopicvision is the ability to perceive that single image in three dimensions.

你看到的东西在三维空间中，因为从你的每一只眼睛看到视图略微不同。这种同时看到双眼之外的事物的能力被称为双目视觉。假设物体离得并不是太近，你的大脑会融合两幅视图到一幅视图。立体视觉就是在三维空间中感知单张图像的能力。

 

Figure 1: Binocular Vision 双目视觉

Another key aspect of stereoscopic visionis that the view changes when you move your head. As an example, line up twoobjects on your desk, such as two coffee cups, one behind the other. Move yourhead to the left and right and notice that the back coffee cup appears anddisappears as your viewpoint changes. The difference in perspective from onehead position to the next is called motion parallax. Another aspect of motionparallax is that objects in the distance appear to move less than objectscloser to you. Without motion parallax,you can experience cognitive dissonance, leading to fatigue and discomfort.

立体视觉另一个至关重要的方面是在头部移动的过程中视野的改变。例如，在桌面上一字摆放两个物体，比如两个咖啡杯，一个在前，一个在后。头部左右移动，在你视点变化的过程中，注意后面咖啡杯的隐现变化。头部从这一个位置到下一个位置透视的变化就被称为运动视差。运动视差的另一个重要的方面就是远处的咖啡杯出现的距离会比离你近的那个咖啡杯少些。没有运动视差，你会感到认知不协调，从而导致视觉疲劳和不适。

Figure 2: Motion Parallax 运动视差

We also receive cues about the 3D worldthrough our physical interaction with it. Knowing your body’s position iscalled proprioception. Reach out totouch your coffee cups. You reach further for the second coffee cup. Thisaction reinforces both your depth perception and your understanding of the twoobjects’ positions relative to each other.

我们通过与现实世界的物理交互接收3D世界的信息。知道你身体的位置被称为本体感受。伸手触碰手边的咖啡杯，然后较远那个。这个动作会加强你的深度感知和你对两个物体相对位置的理解。

 

Experiencing 3D in zSpace 在zSpace中体验3D

This section describes how you experience3D in the zSpace system. Note that the zSpace display shows true stereoscopic3D. This is different from — and better than — other types of 3Drepresentations, such as 3D movies and 2D displays of 3D objects. Even if youhave experienced the zSpace system, you should skim this section for newconcepts, in bold.

这部分内容主要是介绍用户如何在zSpace系统中体验3D效果。注意zSpace显示器展示的是真正的立体3D。这不同于甚至更好于其他方式的3D表现，例如3D电影和显示3D物体的2D显示器。即使你已经体验过zSpace系统，也不应该忽略黑体字的新概念词汇。

Note:Throughout these Guidelines, we use both the term stereoscopic 3D and 3D torefer to the zSpace display of 3D objects. When we discuss traditional 3D in a2D environment, we will refer to 2D or monoscopic displays.

注意：本指导手册自始至终，使用立体3D和3D代指zSpace的3D对象显示。当我们讨论在2D环境下的传统的3D，我们特指2D或单视场显示。

Stereoscopic Vision in zSpace    在zSpace中的立体视觉

You experience stereoscopic vision in thezSpace display much like in the real world. The zSpace system displays offset images for the left and right eye. The zSpacesystem includes passive polarized glasses to ensure that each eye only sees asingle image. Your brain fuses the images together, producing a singlestereoscopic 3D image.

在zSpace中，你可以像在真实世界那样体验立体视觉。zSpace系统向左右眼睛分别显示了偏移图像；zSpace系统有一副被动偏光镜，可以确保每只眼睛只能看到一副图像。大脑将两张图像融合在一起，就形成了一副立体三维图像。

Objects in the zSpace display can appear atdifferent depths. When something appears to be at the exact depth of thescreen, or on the screen’s surface, this iszero parallax. Objects that appear in front of the screen, projectingtowards the viewer, are in negativeparallax, while objects that appear behind or inside the screen are in positive parallax.

在zSpace显示中，物体可以出现在不同的深度。当物体出现在屏幕的位置或者屏幕的表面，这个区域就具有零视差。物体出现在屏幕的前面，投射到观察者的眼前，这部分区域就具有负视差，然而物体出现在屏幕的里面或者后面，这部分区域就具有正视差.

 

 

 

Figure3: Negative, Zero, and Positive Parallax 负视差，零视差和正视差

If you have seen a 3D movie, you arefamiliar with this. Some things in the movie project towards you (negativeparallax) and some appear to be further away than the movie screen (positiveparallax). However, depending on where you were sitting, you might have noticedsome distortion.

如果你体验过3D电影，会比较熟悉这些。在电影中，有些物体投射到你眼前（负视差），有些则比电影屏幕还要远（正视差）。然而，根据你所坐的位置，你也许已经注意到了物体有些变形。

Unlike 3D movies, viewing the zSpacedisplay is not subject to distortion based on where you are sitting because itprovides motion parallax.

不像3D电影，在你的位置上观看zSpace显示不会出现变形，因为它提供了运动视差。

Motion Parallax in zSpace 在zSpace中的运动视差

As discussed in Understanding 3D Basics,motion parallax is a key aspect of how we perceive 3D in the real world.Sensors on the polarized glasses allow the zSpace system to track the positionof your head. When you move your head, the zSpace system adjusts the viewpointaccordingly. Although the view changes, the objects still appear stationary.This provides motion parallax, which is critical because your brain expects theview to change. If it does not, this can lead to visual or mental fatigue.

正如在理解3D基础中讨论的，运动视差是我们在真实世界中如何感知三维的一个关键因素。偏振镜上的传感器允许zSpace系统追踪头部的位置。在你移动头的时候，zSpace系统会适当的调整视角。尽管视野改变了，物体依旧静止；这样提供的运动视差是危险的，因为大脑是希望得到视野的改变。如果不能，这会导致视觉和心理疲劳。

In addition to providing a stereoscopic 3Ddisplay and motion parallax cues, the zSpace system includes proprioceptioncues.

 

Proprioception inzSpace在zSpace中的本体感受

The zSpace system lets you directlyinteract with the 3D scene via a stylus. Knowing your body’s position(proprioception), combined with manipulating an object in the scene, reinforcesyour sense of depth. The additional depth cues make the zSpace display easierto view and comprehend than a 3D movie or a 2D rendering of 3D objects.

zSpace系统可以使你通过触控笔与三维场景进行交互；了解你身体的位置（本体感受）与在场景中操作物体相结合，能够强化场景深度。与三维电影或三维物体的二维渲染相比，这些额外的深度线索将会是zSpace显示更易于观看。

The stylus also offers some distinctadvantages over a mouse:

l  The stylus provides six degrees of freedom, while the mouse is morelimited. In other words, the stylus can provide the application with x, y, andz coordinates about its location, as well as its angle (yaw, pitch, and roll).

触控笔与鼠标相比也有一些特殊的优势：

触控笔提供了6个自由度，而鼠标有限。换句话说，触控笔可以提供给应用自身位置的X、Y和Z轴，以及它的角度（yaw, pitch, and roll）。

Figure4: Stylus vs. Mouse

A standard mouse can only provide theapplication with x and y coordinates on a single plane (your desk or mousepad). Note that this limitation does not apply to 3D mouse such as SpaceNavigator.

第四：触控笔和鼠标

一个标准的鼠标仅仅可以提供给应用在一个单一的平面上的X和Y轴（桌面或鼠标垫）。注意这种限制并不适用于3D鼠标，例如SpaceNavigator。

l  The stylus provides a natural interface for selecting objects atdifferent depths. While it is possible to use the mouse in stereoscopic 3D, itis not designed for this purpose.

l  触控笔为选择不同深度的物体提供了一种自然交互的方式。即使可以在立体三维中使用鼠标，但是它毕竟不是为了这个目标而设计的。

l  The stylus provides a more intuitive interface for interacting with3D objects than the mouse does.

l  触控笔与鼠标相比，提供了一个与三维物体更为直观的交互方式。

 

Making the Most of zSpace 最大程度利用zSpace

Some cognitive psychologists believe thatinteractive, stereoscopic 3D systems, such as the zSpace system, use theintuitive reasoning system, which is faster than our analytic reasoning system.Thus, in certain applications, we can more quickly perceive and understand datawhen it is displayed in 3D. This applies to both real world objects such asparts in a discrete manufacturing process, as well as representations ofabstract data.

部分认知心理学家相信交互式的立体三维系统，例如zSpace系统，使用直观的推理系统，会比分析推理系统快得多。因此，在特定的程序中，当数据在三维空间中显示出来的时候，我们可以更快速的感知和理解数据。

Based on our experiences in the real world,we also have a natural ability to interact with objects in stereoscopic 3D.Using the stylus to pick up objects, bring them closer to us, and rotate themto examine them is an easy extension of using our hands in the same way.

基于我们在真实世界中的体验，我也可以拥有在立体三维空间中与物体交互的天赋。使用触控笔捡起物体，将它们放在我们面前，用同样的方法去使用双手来旋转检查它们会更加容易。

You can port or create any type ofapplication into the zSpace system and benefit from the ability to display andmanipulate objects in three dimensions, complete with spatial relationships toeach other and to the viewer. Some applications depend more heavily on users’spatial reasoning. Spatial reasoning involves evaluating the visual details ofobjects and their relative positions.

你可以迁移和创建任何类型的应用到zSpace系统中，得益于在三维空间中显示和操作物体的能力，可以完全展现出物体和观看者彼此的空间关系。

Example applications include:

l  Evaluating designs for manufacturability and consumer appeal.

l  Learning physical layouts, configurations, and functions, possiblyin mechanical design or physiology.

l  Detecting physical anomalies, such as in disease diagnosis.

示例应用程序包括:

评估设计的工艺性和对消费者的吸引能力。

         学习在机械设计或物体领域中的可能的物理布局、配置和功能。

         检测身体异常，例如疾病诊断。

The zSpace system offers a significantadvantage whenever it is either too expensive or not feasible to interact withthe physical object. Examples include:

zSpace系统提供了一个非常重要的优势，无论与物理物体交互代价是否昂贵或不可行。

l  Rendering designs of parts and products in stereoscopic 3D beforethey are physical prototypes can lead to a significant cost savings.

l  在产品成为实体原型前，在立体三维中呈现零件和产品的设计，将会极大的节约成本。

l  In the medical and biotechnology areas, 3D models of organs andmolecules preserve information that is difficult to represent and interpret in2D.

l  在医疗和生物技术领域，器官和分子的三维模型可以保存一些在二维空间中很难呈现和解释的信息。

l  For large amounts of data, such as produced by scientificexperiments or simulations, stereoscopic 3D graphics can make it easier tointerpret the data and discover patterns.

l  对于那些大量的数据，例如科学实验或模拟产生的，立体三维图形可以更容易的去理解和探索这些数据。

 

For More Information 更多信息

For more information on 3D perception andthe implications for the zSpace system, refer to one or both of the following:

更多关于三维感知信息和zSpace系统启示，参考以下内容：

InteractiveStereoscopic Displays white paper 交互式立体显示白皮书

How zSpaceDramatically Improves Creativity and Understanding webinar