第24节 树的存储结构

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第一:

树的存储结构

?  无法直接用数组表示树的逻辑结构
?  但可以设计结构体数组对结点间的关系进行表述

 

 树结构需要添加删除结点 ， 数组存储是否足够灵活?

 每个结点的子结点可以有多个 ， 如何存储?

?  利用链表组织树中的各个结点
?  链表中的前后关系不代表结点间的逻辑关系
?  结点的逻辑关系由 child 数据域描述
?  child数据域保存其他结点的存储地址

//树结点结构体
typedef struct _tag_GTreeNode GTreeNode;
struct _tag_GTreeNode
{
    GTreeData* data;
    GTreeNode* parent;
    LinkList* child;
};

//链表结点结构体
typedef struct _tag_TLNode TLNode;
struct _tag_TLNode
{
    LinkListNode header;
    GTreeNode* node;
};

 

第二:

通用树结构的创建

基于LinkList.h 和 LinkList.c 实现树结构

#ifndef _GTREE_H_
#define _GTREE_H_

typedef void GTree;
typedef void GTreeData;
typedef void (GTree_Printf)(GTreeData*);

GTree* GTree_Create();

void GTree_Destroy(GTree* tree);

void GTree_Clear(GTree* tree);

int GTree_Insert(GTree* tree, GTreeData* data, int pPos);

GTreeData* GTree_Delete(GTree* tree, int pos);

GTreeData* GTree_Get(GTree* tree, int pos);

GTreeData* GTree_Root(GTree* tree);

int GTree_Height(GTree* tree);

int GTree_Count(GTree* tree);

int GTree_Degree(GTree* tree);

void GTree_Display(GTree* tree, GTree_Printf* pFunc, int gap, char div);

#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "GTree.h"
#include "LinkList.h"

//树结点结构体
typedef struct _tag_GTreeNode GTreeNode;
struct _tag_GTreeNode
{
    GTreeData* data;
    GTreeNode* parent;
    LinkList* child;
};

//链表结点结构体
typedef struct _tag_TLNode TLNode;
struct _tag_TLNode
{
    LinkListNode header;
    GTreeNode* node;
};


static void recursive_display(GTreeNode* node, GTree_Printf* pFunc, int format, int gap, char div)
{
    int i = 0;
    
    if( (node != NULL) && (pFunc != NULL) )
    {
        for(i=0; i<format; i++)
        {
            printf("%c", div);
        }
    
        pFunc(node->data);
    
        printf("\n");
    
        for(i=0; i<LinkList_Length(node->child); i++)
        {
            TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(node->child, i);
            
            recursive_display(trNode->node, pFunc, format + gap, gap, div);
        }
    }
}

static void recursive_delete(LinkList* list, GTreeNode* node)
{
    if( (list != NULL) && (node != NULL) )
    {
        GTreeNode* parent = node->parent;
        int index = -1;
        int i = 0;
        
        for(i=0; i<LinkList_Length(list); i++)
        {
            TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(list, i);
             
            if( trNode->node == node )
            {
                LinkList_Delete(list, i);
                
                free(trNode);
                
                index = i;
                
                break;
            }
        }
          
        if( index >= 0 )
        {  
            if( parent != NULL )
            {
                 for(i=0; i<LinkList_Length(parent->child); i++)
                 {
                     TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(parent->child, i);
                     
                     if( trNode->node == node )
                     {
                         LinkList_Delete(parent->child, i);
                         
                         free(trNode);
                         
                         break;
                     }
                 }               
            }
            
            while( LinkList_Length(node->child) > 0 )
            {
                TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(node->child, 0);
                
                recursive_delete(list, trNode->node);
            }
            
            LinkList_Destroy(node->child);
        
            free(node);
        }
    }
}

static int recursive_height(GTreeNode* node)
{
    int ret = 0;
    
    if( node != NULL )
    {
        int subHeight = 0;
        int i = 0;
        
        for(i=0; i<LinkList_Length(node->child); i++)
        {
            TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(node->child, i);
            
            subHeight = recursive_height(trNode->node);
            
            if( ret < subHeight )
            {
                ret = subHeight;
            }
        }
        
        ret = ret + 1;
    }
    
    return ret;
}

static int recursive_degree(GTreeNode* node)
{
int ret = -1;
    
    if( node != NULL )
    {
        int subDegree = 0;
        int i = 0;
        
        ret = LinkList_Length(node->child);
        
        for(i=0; i<LinkList_Length(node->child); i++)
        {
            TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(node->child, i);
            
            subDegree = recursive_degree(trNode->node);
            
            if( ret < subDegree )
            {
                ret = subDegree;
            }
        }
    }
    
    return ret;
}

GTree* GTree_Create()
{
    return LinkList_Create();
}

void GTree_Destroy(GTree* tree)
{
    GTree_Clear(tree);
    LinkList_Destroy(tree);
}

void GTree_Clear(GTree* tree)
{
     GTree_Delete(tree, 0);
}

int GTree_Insert(GTree* tree, GTreeData* data, int pPos)
{
    LinkList* list = (LinkList*)tree;
    int ret = (list != NULL) && (data != NULL) && (pPos < LinkList_Length(list));
    
    if( ret )
    {
        TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)malloc(sizeof(TLNode));
        TLNode* cldNode = (TLNode*)malloc(sizeof(TLNode));
        TLNode* pNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(list, pPos);
        GTreeNode* cNode = (GTreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(GTreeNode));
        
        ret = (trNode != NULL) && (cldNode != NULL) && (cNode != NULL);
        
        if( ret )
        {
            cNode->data = data;
            cNode->parent = NULL;
            cNode->child = LinkList_Create();
            
            trNode->node = cNode;
            cldNode->node = cNode;
            
            LinkList_Insert(list, (LinkListNode*)trNode, LinkList_Length(list));
            
            if( pNode != NULL )
            {
                cNode->parent = pNode->node;
                
                LinkList_Insert(pNode->node->child, (LinkListNode*)cldNode, LinkList_Length(pNode->node->child));
            }
        }
        else
        {
            free(trNode);
            free(cldNode);
            free(cNode);
        }
    }
    
    return ret;
}

GTreeData* GTree_Delete(GTree* tree, int pos)
{
    TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(tree, pos);
    GTreeData* ret = NULL;
    
    if( trNode != NULL )
    {
        ret = trNode->node->data;
        
        recursive_delete(tree, trNode->node);
    }
    
    return ret;
}

GTreeData* GTree_Get(GTree* tree, int pos)
{
    TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(tree, pos);
    GTreeData* ret = NULL;
    
    if( trNode != NULL )
    {
        ret = trNode->node->data;
    }
    
    return ret;
}

GTreeData* GTree_Root(GTree* tree)
{
    return GTree_Get(tree, 0);
}

int GTree_Height(GTree* tree)
{
    TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(tree, 0);
    int ret = 0;
    
    if( trNode != NULL )
    {
        ret = recursive_height(trNode->node);
    }
    
    return ret;
}

int GTree_Count(GTree* tree)
{
    return LinkList_Length(tree);
}

int GTree_Degree(GTree* tree)
{
    TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(tree, 0);
    int ret = -1;
    
    if( trNode != NULL )
    {
        ret = recursive_degree(trNode->node);
    }
    
    return ret;
}

void GTree_Display(GTree* tree, GTree_Printf* pFunc, int gap, char div)
{
    TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(tree, 0);
    
    if( (trNode != NULL) && (pFunc != NULL) )
    {  
        recursive_display(trNode->node, pFunc, 0, gap, div);
    }
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include "GTree.h"
/* run this program using the console pauser or add your own getch, system("pause") or input loop */

void printf_data(GTreeData* data)
{
    printf("%c", (int)data);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    GTree* tree = GTree_Create();
    int i = 0;
    
    GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'A', -1);
    GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'B', 0);
    GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'C', 0);
    GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'D', 0);
    GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'E', 1);
    GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'F', 1);
    GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'H', 3);
    GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'I', 3);
    GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'J', 3);
    
    printf("Tree Height: %d\n", GTree_Height(tree));
    printf("Tree Degree: %d\n", GTree_Degree(tree));
    printf("Full Tree:\n");
    
    GTree_Display(tree, printf_data, 2, ' ');
    
    printf("Get Tree Data:\n");
    
    for(i=0; i<GTree_Count(tree); i++)
    {
        printf_data(GTree_Get(tree, i));
        printf("\n");
    }
    
    printf("Get Root Data:\n");
    
    printf_data(GTree_Root(tree));
    
    printf("\n");
    
    GTree_Delete(tree, 3);
     
    printf("After Deleting D:\n");
    
    GTree_Display(tree, printf_data, 2, '-');
    
    GTree_Clear(tree);
    
    printf("After Clearing Tree:\n");
    
    GTree_Display(tree, printf_data, 2, '.');
        
    GTree_Destroy(tree);
    
	return 0;
}

 

小结

?  本节中的树结构是一种通用的数据结构
?  利用链表组织树结点
    能够便利的存取结点
    链表的维护具有一定复杂性

 

  树结构的非线性特性和递归定义的特性是树结构实现难度较大的根本原因 。