一.基础知识
服务一般分为两种:
1:本地服务, Local Service 用于应用程序内部。在Service可以调用Context.startService()启动,调用Context.stopService()结束。 在内部可以调用Service.stopSelf() 或 Service.stopSelfResult()来自己停止。无论调用了多少次startService(),都只需调用一次 stopService()来停止。
2:远程服务, Remote Service 用于android系统内部的应用程序之间。可以定义接口并把接口暴露出来,以便其他应用进行操作。客户端建立到服务对象的连接,并通过那个连接来调用服 务。调用Context.bindService()方法建立连接,并启动,以调用 Context.unbindService()关闭连接。多个客户端可以绑定至同一个服务。如果服务此时还没有加载,bindService()会先加 载它。
提供给可被其他应用复用,比如定义一个天气预报服务,提供与其他应用调用即可。
那么先来看Service的生命周期吧:如图:
context.startService() ->onCreate()- >onStartCommand()->Service running--调用context.stopService() ->onDestroy()
context.bindService()->onCreate()->onBind()->Service running--调用>onUnbind() -> onDestroy() 从上诉可以知道分别对应本地的,,以及远程的,也对应不同的方式启动这个服务。
二.注意事项
2.1 同一服务,多次启动,服务实际执行的过程
第一次 启动服务时,运行 onCreate -->onStartCommand
后面在启动服务时,服务只执行onStartCommand
在实际使用过程中,通过Intent 传递数据,在OnStartCommand中执行
在android编写Service入门中介绍了android的两种后台服务,本地和远程的。这里用本地服务做了一个模拟定时后台发短信的技术原型。
主要代码,后台服务SmsService:
package com.easymorse;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;public class SmsService extends Service {
private boolean started;
private boolean threadDisable;
private ServiceBinder serviceBinder = new ServiceBinder();
public class ServiceBinder extends Binder implements ISmsService {
@Override
public boolean isStarted() {
return started;
}@Override
public void start() {
started=true;
Log.d(“sms.service”, “sms service started.”);
}@Override
public void stop() {
started=false;
Log.d(“sms.service”, “sms service stopped.”);
}
}@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return serviceBinder;
}@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();Thread thread = new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
while (!threadDisable) {
try {
if (started) {
Log.d(“sms.service”, “send a sms message.”);
}
Thread.sleep(1000 * 5);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
}
};thread.start();
Log.d(“sms.service”, “sms service created.”);
}@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
threadDisable = true;
Log.d(“sms.service”, “sms service shutdown.”);
}
}
前台的Actvity代码,SmsServiceOptions:
package com.easymorse;
import android.app.TabActivity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.RadioGroup;
import android.widget.TabHost;
import android.widget.RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener;public class SmsServiceOptions extends TabActivity {
private RadioGroup radioGroup;
private ISmsService smsService;
private ServiceConnection serviceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
smsService = (ISmsService) service;if (smsService.isStarted()) {
radioGroup.check(R.id.radioButtonStart);
} else {
radioGroup.check(R.id.radioButtonStop);
}radioGroup
.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new OnCheckedChangeListener() {@Override
public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group,
int checkedId) {
if (checkedId == R.id.radioButtonStart) {
Log.d(“sms.service”, “starting service…”);
smsService.start();
} else {
Log.d(“sms.service”, “stopping service…”);
smsService.stop();
}
}
});
}@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
smsService = null;
}
};/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);this.setTitle(“短信服务器”);
this.bindService(new Intent(“com.easymorse.SmsService”),
this.serviceConnection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);TabHost tabHost = this.getTabHost();
tabHost.setup();TabHost.TabSpec spec = tabHost.newTabSpec(“服务选项”);
spec.setContent(R.id.Option01);
spec.setIndicator(“服务选项”);
tabHost.addTab(spec);spec = tabHost.newTabSpec(“服务状态”);
spec.setContent(R.id.Option02);
spec.setIndicator(“服务状态”);
tabHost.addTab(spec);radioGroup = (RadioGroup) this.findViewById(R.id.radioGroup01);
}@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
this.unbindService(serviceConnection);
}
}
另外,不要忘记在配置文件中增加对service的声明,见AndroidManafest.xml:
<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”utf-8″?>
<manifest xmlns:android=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”
package=”com.easymorse” android:versionCode=”1″ android:versionName=”1.0″>
<application android:icon=”@drawable/icon” android:label=”@string/app_name”>
<activity android:name=”.SmsServiceOptions” android:label=”@string/app_name”>
<intent-filter>
<action android:name=”android.intent.action.MAIN” />
<category android:name=”android.intent.category.LAUNCHER” />
</intent-filter>
</activity><service android:name=”.SmsService”>
<intent-filter>
<action android:name=”com.easymorse.SmsService”></action>
</intent-filter>
</service>
</application>
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion=”3″ />
</manifest>