使用kubeadm搭建高可用的K8s集群

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-25 21:13:16 发布

Arbitrary-

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-25 21:13:16 发布

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文章标签： kubernetes

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qian0626/article/details/117748001

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1. 安装要求

在开始之前，部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件：

一台或多台机器，操作系统 CentOS7.x-86_x64
硬件配置：2GB或更多RAM，2个CPU或更多CPU，硬盘30GB或更多
可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像，如果服务器不能上网，需要提前下载镜像并导入节点
禁止swap分区

2. 准备环境

角色	IP
master1	10.30.59.204
master2	10.30.59.214
node1	10.30.59.224
VIP（虚拟ip）	10.30.59.232

所有节点操作
关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

关闭selinux

sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  # 永久
setenforce 0  # 临时

关闭swap

swapoff -a  # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab    # 永久

根据规划设置主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname master1  /master2/node1/vip

在master添加hosts

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
10.30.59.204  master01.k8s.io master1
10.30.59.214  master02.k8s.io master2
10.30.59.224  node01.k8s.io   node1
10.30.59.232  master.k8s.io   vip
EOF

#将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF

sysctl --system  # 生效

#时间同步

yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com

3. 所有master节点（master1，2）部署keepalived

3.1 安装相关包和keepalived

yum install -y conntrack-tools libseccomp libtool-ltdl
yum install -y keepalived

3.2配置master节点

master1节点配置

cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id k8s
}

vrrp_script check_haproxy {
    script "killall -0 haproxy"
    interval 3
    weight -2
    fall 10
    rise 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER 
    interface ens192 #注意自己网卡
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 250
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass ceb1b3ec013d66163d6ab
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.30.59.232 #虚拟ip
    }
    track_script {
        check_haproxy
    }

}
EOF

master2节点配置

cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id k8s
}

vrrp_script check_haproxy {
    script "killall -0 haproxy"
    interval 3
    weight -2
    fall 10
    rise 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP 
    interface ens192  #注意修改 
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 200
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass ceb1b3ec013d66163d6ab
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.30.59.232 #虚拟接口IP
    }
    track_script {
        check_haproxy
    }

}
EOF

3.3 启动和检查

$ 是为了区分一条一条命令，没有实际意义
在两台master节点都执行

# 启动keepalived
$ systemctl start keepalived.service
设置开机启动
$ systemctl enable keepalived.service
# 查看启动状态
$ systemctl status keepalived.service

启动后查看master1的网卡信息

$ ip a s ens192

在这里插入图片描述

这时你会发现虚拟vip节点会变成master1节点

4. 部署haproxy

4.1 安装

两台master节点

yum install -y haproxy

4.2 配置

两台master节点的配置均相同，配置中声明了后端代理的两个master节点服务器，指定了haproxy运行的端口为16443等，因此16443端口为集群的入口

$ cat > /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg << EOF
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
    # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
    # need to:
    # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events.  This is done
    #    by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
    #    /etc/sysconfig/syslog
    # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
    #   file. A line like the following can be added to
    #   /etc/sysconfig/syslog
    #
    #    local2.*                       /var/log/haproxy.log
    #
    log         127.0.0.1 local2
    
    chroot      /var/lib/haproxy
    pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     4000
    user        haproxy
    group       haproxy
    daemon 
       
    # turn on stats unix socket
    stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------  
defaults
    mode                    http
    log                     global
    option                  httplog
    option                  dontlognull
    option http-server-close
    option forwardfor       except 127.0.0.0/8
    option                  redispatch
    retries                 3
    timeout http-request    10s
    timeout queue           1m
    timeout connect         10s
    timeout client          1m
    timeout server          1m
    timeout http-keep-alive 10s
    timeout check           10s
    maxconn                 3000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# kubernetes apiserver frontend which proxys to the backends
#--------------------------------------------------------------------- 
frontend kubernetes-apiserver
    mode                 tcp
    bind                 *:16443
    option               tcplog
    default_backend      kubernetes-apiserver    
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# round robin balancing between the various backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend kubernetes-apiserver
    mode        tcp
    balance     roundrobin
    server      master01.k8s.io   10.30.59.204:6443 check
    server      master02.k8s.io   10.30.59.214:6443 check
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# collection haproxy statistics message
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
listen stats
    bind                 *:1080
    stats auth           admin:awesomePassword
    stats refresh        5s
    stats realm          HAProxy\ Statistics
    stats uri            /admin?stats
EOF

4.3 启动和检查

两台master都启动

# 设置开机启动
$ systemctl enable haproxy
# 开启haproxy
$ systemctl start haproxy
# 查看启动状态
$ systemctl status haproxy

检查端口（yum install -y net-tools)

$ netstat -lntup|grep haproxy

5. 所有节点安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet

Kubernetes默认CRI（容器运行时）为Docker，因此先安装Docker

5.1 安装Docker

$ wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
$ yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
docker --version

在这里插入图片描述

cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

5.2 添加阿里云YUM软件源

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

5.3 安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl

由于版本更新频繁，这里指定版本号部署：

yum install -y kubelet-1.16.3 kubeadm-1.16.3 kubectl-1.16.3
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

6. 部署Kubernetes Master

6.1 创建kubeadm配置文件

在具有vip的master上操作，这里为master1

$ mkdir /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests -p

$ cd /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests/

$ vi kubeadm-config.yaml

apiServer:
  certSANs:
    - master1
    - master2
    - master.k8s.io
    - 10.30.59.232
    - 10.30.59.204
    - 10.30.59.224
    - 127.0.0.1
  extraArgs:
    authorization-mode: Node,RBAC
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: "master.k8s.io:16443"
controllerManager: {}
dns: 
  type: CoreDNS
etcd:
  local:    
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.16.3
networking: 
  dnsDomain: cluster.local  
  podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
  serviceSubnet: 10.1.0.0/16
scheduler: {}

6.2 在master1节点执行

$ kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yaml

在这里插入图片描述

保存以下内容，一会要使用,先不执行

kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token jv5z7n.3y1zi95p952y9p65 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:403bca185c2f3a4791685013499e7ce58f9848e2213e27194b75a2e3293d8812 \
    --control-plane

按照提示配置环境变量，使用kubectl工具：

$ mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
$ sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
$ sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
$ kubectl get nodes
$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system

查看集群状态

kubectl get cs
kubectl get pods -n kube-system //现在的状态没有正常运行

在这里插入图片描述

7.安装集群网络

从官方地址获取到flannel的yaml，在master1上执行

mkdir flannel
cd flannel
[root@master1 flannel] wget -c https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

如果下载不成功可以使用下面的方式

[root@master1 flannel] kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

安装flannel网络

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

检查

kubectl get pods -n kube-system

会有一个缓冲的过程才会都正常运行
在这里插入图片描述

8、master2节点加入集群

8.1 复制密钥及相关文件

从master1复制密钥及相关文件到master2

ssh root@10.30.59.214  mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf root@192.168.44.156:/etc/kubernetes   
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/{ca.*,sa.*,front-proxy-ca.*} root@192.168.44.156:/etc/kubernetes/pki   
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.* root@192.168.44.156:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd

8.2 master2加入集群

执行在master1上init后输出的join命令,需要带上参数--control-plane表示把master控制节点加入集群
在这里插入图片描述
检查状态

kubectl get node
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

加入Kubernetes Node
在node1上执行
向集群添加新节点，执行在kubeadm init输出的kubeadm join命令：

 kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token qixtqd.lts93i1sl0s041so     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:53790dcb4cc35d2e5778a65223873e5a8117864346a2ab6c7a8e595ef4c44718

如果这里一直卡着不成功执行，可以执行（systemctl restart keepalived.service),可能时此服务不稳定
在这里插入图片描述
集群网络重新安装，因为添加了新的node节点

检查状态

kubectl get node
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

在这里插入图片描述

9. 测试kubernetes集群

在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod，验证是否正常运行：

$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
$ kubectl get pod,svc

在这里插入图片描述
访问地址：http://NodeIP:Port

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使用kubeadm搭建高可用的K8s集群

1. 安装要求在开始之前，部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件：一台或多台机器，操作系统 CentOS7.x-86_x64硬件配置：2GB或更多RAM，2个CPU或更多CPU，硬盘30GB或更多可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像，如果服务器不能上网，需要提前下载镜像并导入节点禁止swap分区2. 准备环境角色IPmaster110.30.59.204master210.30.59.214node110.30.59.224VIP（虚拟ip）
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