Android DataBinding工作原理

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-01 14:31:55 发布

华科易迅

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-01 14:31:55 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qixiang_chen/article/details/105488602

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AndroidX提供的DataBinding可以实现数据与UI的双向绑定，对Android APP的开发提供很大灵活性，通过在Layout XML中提供数据与UI控件的映射关系，在Activity编程中只需要操作数据对象，UI界面就可以自动更新。

在这里插入图片描述
上述过程都是DataBinding自动完成的，我们只要按照约定编程就可以实现。参照下面例程理解绑定过程。

例程一

新建Android工程
使用Android Studio开发工具创建工程，
修改app模块中的build.gradle配置文件
添加如下依赖和配置

    dataBinding {
        enabled = true
    }

    api 'android.arch.lifecycle:extensions:1.1.1'
    api 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.5.0'
    api 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-scalars:2.3.0'
    api 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.4.0'
    api 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:2.4.0'
    api 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.1.16'
    api 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.2'
    api 'androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.1.0'
    api 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.9.0'
    api 'com.android.support:design:29.0.0'
    api 'androidx.viewpager2:viewpager2:1.0.0'
    api 'com.google.android.material:material:1.1.0'
    implementation 'com.nostra13.universalimageloader:universal-image-loader:1.9.5'

完整的build.gradle文件内容

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 29

    dataBinding {
        enabled = true
    }

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.hk.testapp"
        minSdkVersion 16
        targetSdkVersion 29
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }

}

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])

    api 'android.arch.lifecycle:extensions:1.1.1'
    api 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.5.0'
    api 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-scalars:2.3.0'
    api 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.4.0'
    api 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:2.4.0'
    api 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.1.16'
    api 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.2'
    api 'androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.1.0'
    api 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.9.0'
    api 'com.android.support:design:29.0.0'
    api 'androidx.viewpager2:viewpager2:1.0.0'
    api 'com.google.android.material:material:1.1.0'
    implementation 'com.nostra13.universalimageloader:universal-image-loader:1.9.5'

    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.1.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:1.1.3'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.1'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.2.0'
}

创建MainActivity
默认创建的Layout布局视图是androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout类型的，在此类型无法测试DataBinding例程，Google可能做了更多的封装，使用其他方式实现DataBinding，我们使用layout View

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <data>
        <variable name="course" type="com.hk.testapp.Course" />
    </data>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:orientation="vertical">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/name"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@{course.name}"
            android:textSize="24sp" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/score"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text='@{course.score+""}'
            android:textSize="24sp" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/teacher"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:ems="10"
            android:inputType="textPersonName"
            android:textSize="24sp"
            android:text="@{course.teacher}" />

    </LinearLayout>

    <!--
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:gravity="center"
        >
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text='@{teacher.name+""}'
        android:visibility="@{teacher.super ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE}"
        android:textSize="20sp" />
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text='@{user2.firstName}'
        android:textSize="20sp" />
    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@{course.name}"
        tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="183dp"
        tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="297dp"
        android:onClick="@{handle.onClick}"/>
    </LinearLayout>
    -->


</layout>

定义一个数据对象com.hk.testapp.Course，并且将其属性绑定到UI控件上
在这里插入图片描述
Couse课程类

package com.hk.testapp;

public class Course {
    private String name = null;
    private Integer score = null;
    private String teacher = null;

    public Course(String name,Integer score,String teacher)
    {
        this.name = name;
        this.score = score;
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(Integer score) {
        this.score = score;
    }

    public String getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }

    public void setTeacher(String teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }
}

MainActivity类
在这里插入图片描述

package com.hk.testapp;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.util.Log;

import com.hk.testapp.databinding.ActivityMainBinding;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private ActivityMainBinding binding = null;
    private Course course = null;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);
        course = new Course("Math", 100,"ChenQX");
        binding.setCourse(course);

        after10seconds();
    }

    private void after10seconds() {
        new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
            course = new Course("Chinese", 120,"陈岐祥");
            binding.setCourse(course);
                Log.e("After10Seconds...",course.getTeacher());
            }
        }, 10000);
    }
}

执行结果：
在这里插入图片描述
界面等待10秒钟后，对数据对象重新赋值，观察界面变化

例程二

在例程一中，重新赋值必须调用一次bind.setObject方法
在这里插入图片描述
我们在数据实体类上添加Binding注解方法，并且在set方法中通知观察者就不需要定义此方法。

package com.hk.testapp;

import androidx.databinding.BaseObservable;
import androidx.databinding.Bindable;

public class Teacher extends BaseObservable {
    private String name = null;
    private Integer age = null;

    public Teacher(String name,Integer age)
    {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Bindable
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
        notifyPropertyChanged(BR.name);
    }

    @Bindable
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
        notifyPropertyChanged(BR.age);
    }
}

Main2Activity

package com.hk.testapp;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.util.Log;

import com.hk.testapp.databinding.ActivityMain2Binding;

public class Main2Activity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private ActivityMain2Binding binding = null;
    private Teacher teacher = null;
    private Teacher2 teacher2 = null;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);

        binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main2);
        teacher = new Teacher("ChenQX", 40);
        binding.setTeacher(teacher);

        teacher2 = new Teacher2();
        teacher2.name.set("Chenqx2");
        teacher2.age.set(42);
        binding.setTeacher2(teacher2);

        after10seconds();
    }

    private void after10seconds() {
        new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
            teacher.setName("陈岐祥");

            teacher2.name.set("陈岐祥2");
            Log.e("After10Seconds...",teacher.getName());
            }
        }, 10000);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述
例程二中数据类的另一种写法，代码更加简洁

package com.hk.testapp;

import androidx.databinding.ObservableField;
import androidx.databinding.ObservableInt;

public class Teacher2 {
    public final ObservableField<String> name = new ObservableField<>();
    public final ObservableInt age = new ObservableInt();
}

例程三（绑定列表）

定义Layout View控件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <data>
        <variable name="course" type="com.hk.testapp.Course"/>
    </data>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:padding="10dp"
        android:orientation="horizontal">

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="150dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@{course.name}"
            android:textSize="24sp" />

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="150dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@{course.teacher}"
            android:textSize="24sp" />

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="150dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text='@{course.score+""}'
            android:textSize="24sp" />
    </LinearLayout>
</layout>

定义RecyclerView控件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <data>
        <variable name="course" type="com.hk.testapp.Course" />
    </data>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:gravity="center">

        <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
            android:id="@+id/recycler_view"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
    </LinearLayout>
</layout>

定义Adapter适配类

package com.hk.testapp;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;

import com.hk.testapp.databinding.CourseItemBinding;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class ListAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<ListAdapter.ListHolder>{

    private List<Course> courseList = new ArrayList<>();

    public ListAdapter(List<Course> courseList) {
        this.courseList = courseList;
    }

    @Override
    public ListHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        return ListHolder.create(LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()), parent);
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(ListHolder holder, int position) {
        holder.bindTo(courseList.get(position));
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        if (courseList == null)
            return 0;
        return courseList.size();
    }

    static class ListHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
        private CourseItemBinding binding;

        static ListHolder create(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup parent) {
            CourseItemBinding binding2 = CourseItemBinding.inflate(inflater, parent, false);
            return new ListHolder(binding2);
        }

        private ListHolder(CourseItemBinding binding) {
            super(binding.getRoot());
            this.binding = binding;
        }

        public void bindTo(Course course) {
            binding.setCourse(course);
            binding.executePendingBindings();
        }

    }
}

定义Main3Activity

package com.hk.testapp;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;

import android.os.Bundle;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Main3Activity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main3);

        List<Course> data = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            Course c = new Course("Android"+i,i,"Teacher"+i);
            data.add(c);
        }
        RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
        LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(
                this, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, false);
        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        recyclerView.setAdapter(new ListAdapter(data));
    }
}

RecyclerView 通过Adapter装载数据到UI层
在这里插入图片描述

测试双向绑定

将XML中的配置修改一下，即可实现双向绑定
在这里插入图片描述
Layout XML文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <data>
        <variable name="course" type="com.hk.testapp.Course" />
    </data>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:orientation="vertical">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/name"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@={course.name}"
            android:textSize="24sp" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/score"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text='@={course.score+""}'
            android:textSize="24sp" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/teacher"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:ems="10"
            android:inputType="textPersonName"
            android:textSize="24sp"
            android:text="@={course.name}" />

    </LinearLayout>

    <!--
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:gravity="center"
        >
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text='@{teacher.name+""}'
        android:visibility="@{teacher.super ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE}"
        android:textSize="20sp" />
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text='@{user2.firstName}'
        android:textSize="20sp" />
    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@{course.name}"
        tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="183dp"
        tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="297dp"
        android:onClick="@{handle.onClick}"/>
    </LinearLayout>
    -->


</layout>

Course数据类

package com.hk.testapp;

import androidx.databinding.BaseObservable;
import androidx.databinding.Bindable;
import androidx.databinding.ObservableField;
import androidx.databinding.ObservableInt;

public class Course  extends BaseObservable {
    public final ObservableField<String> name = new ObservableField<>();
    public final ObservableInt score = new ObservableInt();
    public final ObservableField<String> teacher = new ObservableField<>();
}

MainActivity

package com.hk.testapp;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.util.Log;

import com.hk.testapp.databinding.ActivityMainBinding;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private ActivityMainBinding binding = null;
    private Course course = null;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);
        course = new Course();
        course.name.set("Math");
        course.score.set(100);
        binding.setCourse(course);

        //after10seconds();
    }

    private void after10seconds() {
        new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
            // = new Course("Chinese", 120,"陈岐祥");
            //binding.setCourse(course);
            }
        }, 10000);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

代码下载
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Inn8P__qmjr0a06MTdnVZQ
提取码：wxpj

华科易迅

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Android DataBinding工作原理

AndroidX提供的DataBinding可以实现数据与UI的单向绑定，对Android APP的开发提供很大灵活性，通过在Layout XML中提供数据与UI控件的映射关系，在Activity编程中只需要操作数据对象，UI界面就可以自动更新。上述过程都是DataBinding自动完成的，我们只要按照约定编程就可以实现。参照下面例程理解绑定过程。例程一新建Android工程使用Andr...
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