QTcpSocket发送数据和自定义数据

         在网络应用中，有时候我们会遇到这样的问题，用TCP不断的接收和发送不同类型的数据，数据大小，格式都不相同，起初看了qt的例子，按照例子写的程序效果相当的不好，尤其是在连续发送大数据的时候，接收端根本无法判断数据是否完整了，也不知道什么时候取读取，经过各种折腾加上看qt源码，总结出了这个方法，发送的时候，要先发送这个数据序列化后的大小，然后发送这个数据本身，接收端，首先收到了要接收数据的大小，心里有数了，等到缓存区的数据大于或者等于要接收数据大小的时候，再过去取数据，就保证了数据的正确完整和及时。最开始的时候，用QByteArry发送数据，先发送了这个QByteArry的size，然后接着发送了这个QByteArry，结果发现了一个很悲剧的事情，一万个数据里面，有几百个数据不完整，找了半天原因才发现，QByteArry在序列化过程中，首先序列化了自身的size，然后才是自身，导致序列化后大小比之前的size大了4，同样QString也是一样，就用一个自定义的结构体来做例子说明，首先自定义结构体

源码链接http://pan.baidu.com/s/1kVAAgTp

class sendStruct
{
public:
    explicit sendStruct(int Type,QString Description,QByteArray ByteData=QByteArray(0));
    int  Type;//用于区分发送的不同内容的数据，对应不同的解析方法
    QString Description;//发送内容的描述
    QByteArray ByteData;//具体发送或者接受的内容，可以将所有基本类型int，char，vector，map等或者自定义的结构体通过
                        //QDataStream序列化到ByteData中，接收端同样的方法从QDataStream中解析出来原数据
    sendStruct(){ Type=0; Description=""; ByteData=QByteArray(0);}
    int size()
        {
            int size=0;
            size=sizeof(int)+Description.size()*2+4+ByteData.size()+4;
            //序列化后QString大小为原有大小乘以2加4，QByteArry序列化后大小为原始大小加4，QString为Unicode编码每个字符占两个字节,
            //QString和QByteArry序列化过程中，首先序列化了本身大小的整形数据(qint32)到序列中，然后才是具体数据。
            return size;
        }
    int size() const
        {
            int size=0;
            size=sizeof(int)+Description.size()*2+4+ByteData.size()+4;
            return size;
        }
    sendStruct &operator=(const sendStruct &other)
        {
            Type=other.Type;
            Description=other.Description;
            ByteData=QByteArray(other.ByteData);
            return *this;
        }
#ifndef QT_NO_DATASTREAM
    friend QDataStream& operator <<(QDataStream& out,const sendStruct& senstruct)
        {
            out<<senstruct.Type
               <<senstruct.Description
               <<senstruct.ByteData;
            return out;
        }
    friend QDataStream& operator >>(QDataStream& in,sendStruct& senstruct)
        {
            in>>senstruct.Type
              >>senstruct.Description
              >>senstruct.ByteData;
            return in;
        }
#endif
};

定义TCP服务端和客户端

#ifndef TCPSERVERCONNECT_H
#define TCPSERVERCONNECT_H

#include <QObject>
#include<QTcpServer>
#include<QTcpSocket>
class sendStruct;
class TcpServerConnect : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit TcpServerConnect(QObject *parent = nullptr);
private:
    QTcpServer *m_server;
    QTcpSocket *m_tcpsocket;
    bool m_isGetPartData;
    int m_requestDataSize;
public slots:
    void handleSendOutData(const sendStruct&);
    void handleGetRecieveData();
    void handleNewConnection();
};

#endif // TCPSERVERCONNECT_H

#include "tcpserverconnect.h"

TcpServerConnect::TcpServerConnect(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent)
    {
        m_tcpsocket=nullptr;
        m_isGetPartData=false;
        m_requestDataSize=0;
        m_server=new QTcpServer(this);
        connect(m_server,&QTcpServer::newConnection,this,&TcpServerConnect::handleNewConnection);
        m_server->listen(QHostAddress::Any,6868);
    }

void TcpServerConnect::handleSendOutData(const sendStruct &data)
    {
        if((!m_tcpsocket)||m_tcpsocket->state()!=QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState)
            return;
        QDataStream out(m_tcpsocket);
        out<<data.size()<<data;//先发送了数据大小，在发送数据
        m_tcpsocket->flush();
        /*把需要发送的数据封装在结构体里面发送*/
    }

void TcpServerConnect::handleGetRecieveData()
    {
        if((!m_tcpsocket)||m_tcpsocket->state()!=QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState)
            return;
        if(m_isGetPartData==false){
                if(m_tcpsocket->bytesAvailable()<sizeof(int))//先要得到数据的大小
                    return;
                else
                    {
                        QDataStream in(m_tcpsocket);
                        in>>m_requestDataSize;//数据大小写入这个变量中
                        m_isGetPartData=true;//只获得了数据的大小，数据内容还未获得
                    }
            }
        if(m_isGetPartData==true){
                if(m_tcpsocket->bytesAvailable()<m_requestDataSize)//判断是否数据接收完整了，不完整就返回等待下一次判断
                    return;
                else
                    {
                        QDataStream in(m_tcpsocket);
                        sendStruct receiveData;
                        in>>receiveData;//接收到了发送端的数据
                        m_requestDataSize=0;//清空大小
                        m_isGetPartData=false;//清空标志
                        /*
                        数据接收成功，放置在receiveData中，可以做其他处理
                        doSomething(receiveData);
                        */
                        qDebug()<<"receiveData type"<<receiveData.Type;
                        qDebug()<<"receiveData Description"<<receiveData.Description;
                        qDebug()<<"receiveData ByteData"<<receiveData.ByteData;
                        if(m_tcpsocket->bytesAvailable())//如果缓存区还存在数据，继续执行
                            handleGetRecieveData();
                    }
            }
    }
void TcpServerConnect::handleNewConnection()
    {
        QTcpServer *server=static_cast<QTcpServer*>(sender());
        m_tcpsocket=server->nextPendingConnection();
        if(m_tcpsocket)
            connect(m_tcpsocket,&QTcpSocket::readyRead,this,&TcpServerConnect::handleGetRecieveData);
        
        sendStruct sendImageData;
        sendImageData.Type=0;
        sendImageData.Description=QString("this is image");
        QImage image(QSize(640,480),QImage::Format_RGB888);
        image.fill(Qt::gray);
        QBuffer buffur(sendImageData.ByteData);
        buffur.open(QIODevice::ReadWrite);
        image.save(&buffur,"JPG");
        handleSendOutData(sendImageData);
        
        sendStruct sendPointData;
        sendPointData.Type=1;
        sendPointData.Description="this is point";
        QDataStream pointStream(&sendPointData.ByteData,QIODevice::WriteOnly);
        pointStream<<QPoint(100,100);
        handleSendOutData(sendPointData);
        
    }

#ifndef TCPCLIENTCONNECT_H
#define TCPCLIENTCONNECT_H

#include <QObject>
#include<QTcpSocket>
class sendStruct;
class TcpClientConnect : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit TcpClientConnect(QObject *parent = nullptr);
    QTcpSocket *m_tcpsocket;
    bool m_isGetPartData;
    int m_requestDataSize;
public slots:
    void handleSendOutData(const sendStruct&);
    void handleGetRecieveData();
    void handleSocketConnected();
};

#endif // TCPCLIENTCONNECT_H

#include "tcpclientconnect.h"

TcpClientConnect::TcpClientConnect(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent)
    {
        m_tcpsocket=new QTcpSocket(this);
        m_isGetPartData=false;
        m_requestDataSize=0;
        connect(m_tcpsocket,&QTcpSocket::readyRead,this,&TcpClientConnect::handleGetRecieveData);
        connect(m_tcpsocket,&QTcpSocket::disconnected,this,&TcpClientConnect::handleSocketConnected);
        m_tcpsocket->connectToHost(QHostAddress("192.168.0.45"),6868);
        if(m_tcpsocket->waitForConnected(3000)==false){
                qDebug()<<"connect error:"<<m_tcpsocket->errorString();
            }
    }

void TcpClientConnect::handleSendOutData(const sendStruct &data)
    {
        if((!m_tcpsocket)||m_tcpsocket->state()!=QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState)
            return;
        QDataStream out(m_tcpsocket);
        out<<data.size()<<data;//先发送数据大小，在发送数据本身
        m_tcpsocket->flush();
        /*把需要发送的数据封装在结构体里面发送*/
    }

void TcpClientConnect::handleGetRecieveData()
    {
        if((!m_tcpsocket)||m_tcpsocket->state()!=QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState)
            return;
        if(m_isGetPartData==false){
                if(m_tcpsocket->bytesAvailable()<sizeof(int))//先接收数据的大小
                    return;
                else
                    {
                        QDataStream in(m_tcpsocket);
                        in>>m_requestDataSize;//数据大小写入变量
                        m_isGetPartData=true;//设置标志，只接收到了数据大小，没接收到数据全部
                    }
            }
        if(m_isGetPartData==true){
                if(m_tcpsocket->bytesAvailable()<m_requestDataSize)//判断是否接收到了完整的数据
                    return;
                else
                    {
                        QDataStream in(m_tcpsocket);
                        sendStruct receiveData;
                        in>>receiveData;//接收到了数据
                        m_requestDataSize=0;//清空大小
                        m_isGetPartData=false;//清空标志
                        /*
                        数据接收成功，放置在receiveData中，可以做其他处理
                        doSomething(receiveData);
                        */
                        qDebug()<<"receiveData type"<<receiveData.Type;
                        qDebug()<<"receiveData Description"<<receiveData.Description;
                        qDebug()<<"receiveData ByteData"<<receiveData.ByteData;
                        if(m_tcpsocket->bytesAvailable())//如果缓存区还存在数据，递归执行
                            handleGetRecieveData();
                    }
            }
    }

void TcpClientConnect::handleSocketConnected()
    {
        sendStruct sendImageData;
        sendImageData.Type=0;
        sendImageData.Description=QString("this is image");
        QImage image(QSize(640,480),QImage::Format_RGB888);
        image.fill(Qt::gray);
        QBuffer buffur(sendImageData.ByteData);
        buffur.open(QIODevice::ReadWrite);
        image.save(&buffur,"JPG");
        handleSendOutData(sendImageData);
        
        sendStruct sendPointData;
        sendPointData.Type=1;
        sendPointData.Description="this is point";
        QDataStream pointStream(&sendPointData.ByteData,QIODevice::WriteOnly);
        pointStream<<QPoint(100,100);
        handleSendOutData(sendPointData);
                
    }