C++多线程通信(线程池)

该代码示例展示了如何使用线程池来处理客户端的并发连接。服务器端创建了一个监听套接字,接受客户端连接后将任务添加到线程池中进行处理。客户端则负责建立连接并进行数据收发。线程池管理包括动态增减工作线程,以适应任务负载变化。
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server.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include "threadpool.h"

// 信息结构体
struct SockInfo
{
  struct sockaddr_in addr;
  int fd;
};

typedef struct PoolInfo
{
  ThreadPool *p;
  int fd;
} PoolInfo;

void working(void *arg);
void acceptConn(void *arg);

int main()
{

  // 1.创建监听的套接字
  int fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
  if (fd == -1)
  {
    perror("socket");
    return -1;
  }

  // 2.绑定本地的IP port
  struct sockaddr_in saddr;
  saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
  saddr.sin_port = htons(9999);
  saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; // 0 = 0.0.0.0 对于0来说,大端和小端是没有区别的
  int ret = bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr));

  if (ret == -1)
  {
    perror("bind");
    return -1;
  }

  // 3.设置监听
  ret = listen(fd, 128);
  if (ret == -1)
  {
    perror("listen");
    return -1;
  }


  // 创建线程池
  ThreadPool *pool = threadPoolCreate(3, 8, 100);
  PoolInfo *info = (PoolInfo *)malloc(sizeof(PoolInfo));
  info->p = pool;
  info->fd = fd;
  threadPoolAdd(pool, acceptConn, info);

  pthread_exit(NULL);//主线程退出了,不会影响线程池里所有的线程运行

  return 0;
}

void acceptConn(void *arg)
{
  PoolInfo *poolInfo = (PoolInfo *)arg;
  // 4.阻塞并等待客户端的连接
  int addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
  while (1)
  {
    struct SockInfo *pinfo;
    pinfo = (struct SockInfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct SockInfo));
    pinfo->fd = accept(poolInfo->fd, (struct sockaddr *)&pinfo->addr, &addrlen); // caddr ip是大端,要看192的,需转换成小端

    if (pinfo->fd == -1)
    {
      perror("accept");
      break;
    }
    // 添加通信的任务
    threadPoolAdd(poolInfo->p, working, pinfo);
  }
  close(poolInfo->fd);
}

void working(void *arg)
{
  struct SockInfo *pinfo = (struct SockInfo *)arg;
  // 连接建立成功,打印客户端的IP和端口信息
  char ip[32];
  printf("客户端的IP:%s,端口:%d\n",
         inet_ntop(AF_INET, &pinfo->addr.sin_addr.s_addr, ip, sizeof(ip)),
         ntohs(pinfo->addr.sin_port));
  // 5.通信
  while (1)
  {
    // 接收数据
    char buff[1024];
    int len = recv(pinfo->fd, buff, sizeof(buff), 0);
    if (len > 0)
    {
      printf("client say: %s\n", buff);
      send(pinfo->fd, buff, len, 0);
    }
    else if (len == 0)
    {
      printf("客户端已经断开了连接...\n");
      break;
    }
    else
    {
      perror("recv");
      break;
    }
  }

  // 关闭文件描述符
  close(pinfo->fd);
}

client.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

int main()
{

  // 1.创建通信的套接字
  int fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
  if (fd == -1)
  {
    perror("socket");
    return -1;
  }

  // 2.绑定服务器的IP port
  struct sockaddr_in saddr;
  saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
  saddr.sin_port = htons(9999);
  inet_pton(AF_INET, "192.168.31.128", &saddr.sin_addr.s_addr); // 绑定服务器的ip
  int ret = connect(fd, (struct sockadddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr));
  if (ret == -1)
  {
    perror("connect");
    return -1;
  }

  // 3.通信
  int number = 0;
  while (1)
  {
    // 发送数据
    char buff[1024];
    sprintf(buff, "你好,hello,world,%d...\n", number++);
    send(fd, buff, strlen(buff) + 1, 0);

    //接收数据
    memset(buff,0,sizeof(buff));
    int len = recv(fd, buff, sizeof(buff), 0);
    if (len > 0)
    {
      printf("server say: %s\n", buff);
    }
    else if (len == 0)
    {
      printf("服务器已经断开了连接...\n");
      break;
    }
    else
    {
      perror("recv");
      break;
    }
    sleep(1);
  }

  // 关闭文件描述符
  close(fd);

  return 0;
}

threadpool.h

#ifndef _THREADPOOL_H
#define _THREADPOOL_H

typedef struct ThreadPool ThreadPool;
// 创建线程池并初始化
ThreadPool *threadPoolCreate(int min, int max, int queueSize);

// 销毁线程池
int threadPoolDestroy(ThreadPool* pool);

// 给线程池添加任务
void threadPoolAdd(ThreadPool* pool, void(*func)(void*), void* arg);

// 获取线程池中工作的线程的个数
int threadPoolBusyNum(ThreadPool* pool);

// 获取线程池中活着的线程的个数
int threadPoolAliveNum(ThreadPool* pool);

//
// 工作的线程(消费者线程)任务函数
void* worker(void* arg);
// 管理者线程任务函数
void* manager(void* arg);
// 单个线程退出
void threadExit(ThreadPool* pool);
#endif  // _THREADPOOL_H


threadpool.c

#include "threadpool.h"
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

const int NUMBER = 2;
// 任务结构体
typedef struct Task
{
    void (*function)(void *arg);
    void *arg;
} Task;

// 线程池结构体
struct ThreadPool
{
    // 任务队列
    Task *taskQ;
    int queueCapacity; // 容量
    int queueSize;     // 当前任务个数
    int queueFront;    // 队头 -> 取数据
    int queueRear;     // 队尾 -> 放数据

    pthread_t managerID;       // 管理者线程ID
    pthread_t *threadIDs;      // 工作的线程ID
    int minNum;                // 最小线程数量
    int maxNum;                // 最大线程数量
    int busyNum;               // 忙的线程的个数
    int liveNum;               // 存活的线程的个数
    int exitNum;               // 要销毁的线程个数
    pthread_mutex_t mutexPool; // 锁整个的线程池
    pthread_mutex_t mutexBusy; // 锁busyNum变量
    pthread_cond_t notFull;    // 任务队列是不是满了
    pthread_cond_t notEmpty;   // 任务队列是不是空了

    int shutdown; // 是不是要销毁线程池, 销毁为1, 不销毁为0
};

ThreadPool *threadPoolCreate(int min, int max, int queueSize)
{
    ThreadPool *pool = (ThreadPool *)malloc(sizeof(ThreadPool));
    do
    {
        if (pool == NULL)
        {
            printf("malloc threadpool fail...\n");
            break;
        }

        pool->threadIDs = (pthread_t *)malloc(sizeof(pthread_t) * max);
        if (pool->threadIDs == NULL)
        {
            printf("malloc threadIDs fail...\n");
            break;
        }
        memset(pool->threadIDs, 0, sizeof(pthread_t) * max);
        pool->minNum = min;
        pool->maxNum = max;
        pool->busyNum = 0;
        pool->liveNum = min; // 和最小个数相等
        pool->exitNum = 0;

        if (pthread_mutex_init(&pool->mutexPool, NULL) != 0 ||
            pthread_mutex_init(&pool->mutexBusy, NULL) != 0 ||
            pthread_cond_init(&pool->notEmpty, NULL) != 0 ||
            pthread_cond_init(&pool->notFull, NULL) != 0)
        {
            printf("mutex or condition init fail...\n");
            break;
        }

        // 任务队列
        pool->taskQ = (Task *)malloc(sizeof(Task) * queueSize);
        pool->queueCapacity = queueSize;
        pool->queueSize = 0;
        pool->queueFront = 0;
        pool->queueRear = 0;

        pool->shutdown = 0;

        // 创建线程
        pthread_create(&pool->managerID, NULL, manager, pool);
        for (int i = 0; i < min; ++i)
        {
            pthread_create(&pool->threadIDs[i], NULL, worker, pool);
        }
        return pool;
    } while (0);

    // 释放资源
    if (pool && pool->threadIDs)
        free(pool->threadIDs);
    if (pool && pool->taskQ)
        free(pool->taskQ);
    if (pool)
        free(pool);

    return NULL;
}

int threadPoolDestroy(ThreadPool *pool)
{
    if (pool == NULL)
    {
        return -1;
    }

    // 关闭线程池
    pool->shutdown = 1;
    // 阻塞回收管理者线程
    pthread_join(pool->managerID, NULL);
    // 唤醒阻塞的消费者线程
    for (int i = 0; i < pool->liveNum; ++i)
    {
        pthread_cond_signal(&pool->notEmpty);
    }
    // 释放堆内存
    if (pool->taskQ)
    {
        free(pool->taskQ);
    }
    if (pool->threadIDs)
    {
        free(pool->threadIDs);
    }

    pthread_mutex_destroy(&pool->mutexPool);
    pthread_mutex_destroy(&pool->mutexBusy);
    pthread_cond_destroy(&pool->notEmpty);
    pthread_cond_destroy(&pool->notFull);

    free(pool);
    pool = NULL;

    return 0;
}

void threadPoolAdd(ThreadPool *pool, void (*func)(void *), void *arg)
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexPool);
    while (pool->queueSize == pool->queueCapacity && !pool->shutdown)
    {
        // 阻塞生产者线程
        pthread_cond_wait(&pool->notFull, &pool->mutexPool);
    }
    if (pool->shutdown)
    {
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
        return;
    }
    // 添加任务
    pool->taskQ[pool->queueRear].function = func;
    pool->taskQ[pool->queueRear].arg = arg;
    pool->queueRear = (pool->queueRear + 1) % pool->queueCapacity;
    pool->queueSize++;

    pthread_cond_signal(&pool->notEmpty);
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
}

int threadPoolBusyNum(ThreadPool *pool)
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexBusy);
    int busyNum = pool->busyNum;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexBusy);
    return busyNum;
}

int threadPoolAliveNum(ThreadPool *pool)
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexPool);
    int aliveNum = pool->liveNum;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
    return aliveNum;
}

void *worker(void *arg)
{
    ThreadPool *pool = (ThreadPool *)arg;

    while (1)
    {
        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexPool);
        // 当前任务队列是否为空
        while (pool->queueSize == 0 && !pool->shutdown)
        {
            // 阻塞工作线程
            pthread_cond_wait(&pool->notEmpty, &pool->mutexPool);

            // 判断是不是要销毁线程
            if (pool->exitNum > 0)
            {
                pool->exitNum--;
                if (pool->liveNum > pool->minNum)
                {
                    pool->liveNum--;
                    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
                    threadExit(pool);
                }
            }
        }

        // 判断线程池是否被关闭了
        if (pool->shutdown)
        {
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
            threadExit(pool);
        }

        // 从任务队列中取出一个任务
        Task task;
        task.function = pool->taskQ[pool->queueFront].function;
        task.arg = pool->taskQ[pool->queueFront].arg;
        // 移动头结点
        pool->queueFront = (pool->queueFront + 1) % pool->queueCapacity;
        pool->queueSize--;
        // 解锁
        pthread_cond_signal(&pool->notFull);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);

        printf("thread %ld start working...\n", pthread_self());
        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexBusy);
        pool->busyNum++;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexBusy);
        task.function(task.arg);
        free(task.arg);
        task.arg = NULL;

        printf("thread %ld end working...\n", pthread_self());
        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexBusy);
        pool->busyNum--;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexBusy);
    }
    return NULL;
}

void *manager(void *arg)
{
    ThreadPool *pool = (ThreadPool *)arg;
    while (!pool->shutdown)
    {
        // 每隔3s检测一次
        sleep(3);

        // 取出线程池中任务的数量和当前线程的数量
        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexPool);
        int queueSize = pool->queueSize;
        int liveNum = pool->liveNum;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);

        // 取出忙的线程的数量
        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexBusy);
        int busyNum = pool->busyNum;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexBusy);

        // 添加线程
        // 任务的个数>存活的线程个数 && 存活的线程数<最大线程数
        if (queueSize > liveNum - busyNum && liveNum < pool->maxNum)
        {
            pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexPool);
            int counter = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < pool->maxNum && counter < NUMBER && pool->liveNum < pool->maxNum; ++i)
            {
                if (pool->threadIDs[i] == 0)
                {
                    pthread_create(&pool->threadIDs[i], NULL, worker, pool);
                    counter++;
                    pool->liveNum++;
                }
            }
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
        }
        // 销毁线程
        // 忙的线程*2 < 存活的线程数 && 存活的线程>最小线程数
        if (busyNum * 2 < liveNum && liveNum > pool->minNum)
        {
            pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexPool);
            pool->exitNum = NUMBER;
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
            // 让工作的线程自杀
            for (int i = 0; i < NUMBER; ++i)
            {
                pthread_cond_signal(&pool->notEmpty);
            }
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

void threadExit(ThreadPool *pool)
{
    pthread_t tid = pthread_self();
    for (int i = 0; i < pool->maxNum; ++i)
    {
        if (pool->threadIDs[i] == tid)
        {
            pool->threadIDs[i] = 0;
            printf("threadExit() called, %ld exiting...\n", tid);
            break;
        }
    }
    pthread_exit(NULL);
}

线程池:

任务队列;

 

工作流程;

管理者线程。

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