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原博主博客地址:https://blog.csdn.net/qq21497936
原博主博客导航:https://blog.csdn.net/qq21497936/article/details/102478062
本文章博客地址:https://blog.csdn.net/qq21497936/article/details/79775665
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上一篇:《树莓派开发笔记(七):GPIO口的SPI使用(BME280三合一传感器:测量温度、湿度、气压、海拔高度) 》
下一篇:《树莓派开发笔记(九):CSI口的摄像头拍照(同样适用USB摄像头)》
前话
前面介绍了SPI的使用,本章节我们开发GPIO口的I2C使用,同样适用BME280三合一传感器,采集气压、温度、适度,计算海拔高度。
Demo:GPIO口的I2C通讯
I2C总线是由Philips公司开发的一种简单、双向二线制同步串行总线。它只需要两根线即可在连接于总线上的器件之间传送信息。
主器件用于启动总线传送数据,并产生时钟以开放传送的器件,此时任何被寻址的器件均被认为是从器件.在总线上主和从、发和收的关系不是恒定的,而取决于此时数据传送方向:
- 如果主机要发送数据给从器件,则主机首先寻址从器件,然后主动发送数据至从器件,最后由主机终止数据传送;
- 如果主机要接收从器件的数据,则主机器件寻址从器件.然后主机接收从器件发送的数据,最后由主机终止接收过程。在这种情况下,主机主要是负责产生定时时钟和终止数据传送。
BME280
BME280是一款集成温度、湿度、气压,三位一体的环境传感器。具有高精度,多功能,小尺寸等特点,如下图:
BME280模块,设备地址默认为0x77。下面是读取数据的指令,数据的读出是从0xf7到0xfc读做(温度和压力)或从0xf7到0xfe(温度、压力、湿度等)数据以无符号形式读出。
制指令集,如下图:
读取数据指令集,分为压力,温度,适度,如下图:
开启I2C接口
sudo raspi-config
按照下图步骤选取
然后重启。
查看系统是否启动i2c,如下图:
电路原理图
检测I2C设备是否在线
我们按照图纸连接好后,使用三方查看设备是否在线来判断设备是否正常连接。
sudo apt-get install i2c-tools
sudo i2cdetect -y 1
注意:笔者对传感器不连接电源进行测试,只连接通讯的I2C线和GND(断开VCC),使用该指令也检测不到,但是程序用wiring库却可以读到,具体原因可能是供电不足(不接VCC也供电但低于3.3V)和指令检测方式的我呢提,笔者没有细究。总之,为保持硬件稳定,需要让指令检测到才算可靠。
关键代码
初始化代码
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
QMainWindow(parent),
ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
_bme280.initPressureTemperatureMode();
_bme280.initHumidity();
startTimer(1000);
}
每隔1s读取数据
void MainWindow::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *event)
{
ui->label_i2cP->setText(QString("%1 Pa").arg(_bme280.getPressure()));
ui->label_i2cT->setText(QString("%1 ℃").arg(_bme280.getTemperatureC()));
ui->label_i2cH->setText(QString("%1 %").arg(_bme280.getHumidity()));
ui->label_i2cA->setText(QString("%1 m").arg(_bme280.getAltitudeMeters()));
}
模块代码
bme280.h
#ifndef BME280_H
#define BME280_H
#include <QObject>
#include "i2c.h"
//Register names:
#define BME280_DIG_T1_LSB_REG 0x88
#define BME280_DIG_T1_MSB_REG 0x89
#define BME280_DIG_T2_LSB_REG 0x8A
#define BME280_DIG_T2_MSB_REG 0x8B
#define BME280_DIG_T3_LSB_REG 0x8C
#define BME280_DIG_T3_MSB_REG 0x8D
#define BME280_DIG_P1_LSB_REG 0x8E
#define BME280_DIG_P1_MSB_REG 0x8F
#define BME280_DIG_P2_LSB_REG 0x90
#define BME280_DIG_P2_MSB_REG 0x91
#define BME280_DIG_P3_LSB_REG 0x92
#define BME280_DIG_P3_MSB_REG 0x93
#define BME280_DIG_P4_LSB_REG 0x94
#define BME280_DIG_P4_MSB_REG 0x95
#define BME280_DIG_P5_LSB_REG 0x96
#define BME280_DIG_P5_MSB_REG 0x97
#define BME280_DIG_P6_LSB_REG 0x98
#define BME280_DIG_P6_MSB_REG 0x99
#define BME280_DIG_P7_LSB_REG 0x9A
#define BME280_DIG_P7_MSB_REG 0x9B
#define BME280_DIG_P8_LSB_REG 0x9C
#define BME280_DIG_P8_MSB_REG 0x9D
#define BME280_DIG_P9_LSB_REG 0x9E
#define BME280_DIG_P9_MSB_REG 0x9F
#define BME280_DIG_H1_REG 0xA1
#define BME280_CHIP_ID_REG 0xD0 //Chip ID Online value is 0x60 all the time
#define BME280_RST_REG 0xE0 //Softreset Reg
#define BME280_DIG_H2_LSB_REG 0xE1
#define BME280_DIG_H2_MSB_REG 0xE2
#define BME280_DIG_H3_REG 0xE3
#define BME280_DIG_H4_MSB_REG 0xE4
#define BME280_DIG_H4_LSB_REG 0xE5
#define BME280_DIG_H5_MSB_REG 0xE6
#define BME280_DIG_H6_REG 0xE7
#define BME280_CTRL_HUMIDITY_REG 0xF2 //Ctrl Humidity Reg
#define BME280_STAT_REG 0xF3 //Status Reg
#define BME280_CTRL_MEAS_REG 0xF4 //Ctrl Measure Reg
#define BME280_CONFIG_REG 0xF5 //Configuration Reg
#define BME280_PRESSURE_MSB_REG 0xF7 //Pressure MSB
#define BME280_PRESSURE_LSB_REG 0xF8 //Pressure LSB
#define BME280_PRESSURE_XLSB_REG 0xF9 //Pressure XLSB
#define BME280_TEMPERATURE_MSB_REG 0xFA //Temperature MSB
#define BME280_TEMPERATURE_LSB_REG 0xFB //Temperature LSB
#define BME280_TEMPERATURE_XLSB_REG 0xFC //Temperature XLSB
#define BME280_HUMIDITY_MSB_REG 0xFD //Humidity MSB
#define BME280_HUMIDITY_LSB_REG 0xFE //Humidity LSB
class BME280 : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
enum PRESSURE_OVERSAMPLING
{
PRESSURE_OVERSAMPLING_SKIPPED = 0x00,
PRESSURE_OVERSAMPLING_PLUS_ONE = 0x01,
PRESSURE_OVERSAMPLING_PLUS_TWO = 0x02,
PRESSURE_OVERSAMPLING_PLUS_FOUR = 0x03,
PRESSURE_OVERSAMPLING_PLUS_EIGHT = 0x04,
PRESSURE_OVERSAMPLING_PLUS_SIXTEEN = 0x05
};
enum TEMPERATURE_OVERSAMPLING
{
TEMPERATURE_OVERSAMPLING_SKIPPED = 0x00,
TEMPERATURE_OVERSAMPLING_PLUS_ONE = 0x01,
TEMPERATURE_OVERSAMPLING_PLUS_TWO = 0x02,
TEMPERATURE_OVERSAMPLING_PLUS_FOUR = 0x03,
TEMPERATURE_OVERSAMPLING_PLUS_EIGHT = 0x04,
TEMPERATURE_OVERSAMPLING_PLUS_SIXTEEN = 0x05
};
enum MODE_OF_PRESSURE_TEMPERATUR
{
MODE_OF_PRESSURE_TEMPERATUR_SLEEP = 0x00,
MODE_OF_PRESSURE_TEMPERATUR_FORCED = 0x01,
MODE_OF_PRESSURE_TEMPERATUR_MORMAL = 0x03
};
enum HUMIDITY_OVERSAMPLING
{
HUMIDITY_OVERSAMPLING_SKIPPED = 0x00,
HUMIDITY_OVERSAMPLING_PLUS_ONE = 0x01,
HUMIDITY_OVERSAMPLING_PLUS_TWO = 0x02,
HUMIDITY_OVERSAMPLING_PLUS_FOUR = 0x03,
HUMIDITY_OVERSAMPLING_PLUS_EIGHT = 0x04,
HUMIDITY_OVERSAMPLING_PLUS_SIXTEEN = 0x05
};
struct Calibration
{
uint16_t dig_T1;
int16_t dig_T2;
int16_t dig_T3;
uint16_t dig_P1;
int16_t dig_P2;
int16_t dig_P3;
int16_t dig_P4;
int16_t dig_P5;
int16_t dig_P6;
int16_t dig_P7;
int16_t dig_P8;
int16_t dig_P9;
uint8_t dig_H1;
int16_t dig_H2;
uint8_t dig_H3;
int16_t dig_H4;
int16_t dig_H5;
uint8_t dig_H6;
};
public:
explicit BME280(int devId = 0x77, QObject *parent = 0);
bool isOnline();
void initPressureTemperatureMode(
PRESSURE_OVERSAMPLING p = PRESSURE_OVERSAMPLING_PLUS_ONE,
TEMPERATURE_OVERSAMPLING t = TEMPERATURE_OVERSAMPLING_PLUS_ONE,
MODE_OF_PRESSURE_TEMPERATUR m = MODE_OF_PRESSURE_TEMPERATUR_MORMAL);
void initHumidity(HUMIDITY_OVERSAMPLING h = HUMIDITY_OVERSAMPLING_PLUS_ONE);
void reset();
public slots:
float getTemperatureC();
float getTemperatureF();
float getPressure();
float getHumidity();
float getAltitudeMeters();
float getAltitudeFeet();
private:
I2c _i2c;
int _devId;
Calibration _calibration;
int32_t _tFine;
};
#endif // BME280_H
bme280.cpp
#include "bme280.h"
#include <QDebug>
BME280::BME280(int devId, QObject *parent)
: QObject(parent),
_devId(devId)
{
_i2c.open(devId);
…
}
bool BME280::isOnline()
{
// according to 0xD0 "id", value is 0x60
return _i2c.readData(BME280_CHIP_ID_REG) == 0x60;
}
void BME280::initPressureTemperatureMode(BME280::PRESSURE_OVERSAMPLING p, BME280::TEMPERATURE_OVERSAMPLING t, BME280::MODE_OF_PRESSURE_TEMPERATUR m)
{
uchar uc;
…
_i2c.writeData(BME280_CTRL_MEAS_REG, uc);
_i2c.readData(BME280_CTRL_MEAS_REG);
…
}
void BME280::initHumidity(BME280::HUMIDITY_OVERSAMPLING h)
{
uchar uc;
…
_i2c.writeData(BME280_CTRL_HUMIDITY_REG, uc);
}
void BME280::reset()
{
_i2c.writeData(BME280_RST_REG, 0xB6);
}
float BME280::getTemperatureC()
{
…
int32_t adc_T = ((uint32_t)_i2c.readData(BME280_TEMPERATURE_MSB_REG) << 12) | ((uint32_t)_i2c.readData(BME280_TEMPERATURE_LSB_REG) << 4) | ((_i2c.readData(BME280_TEMPERATURE_XLSB_REG) >> 4) & 0x0F);
…
float output = (_tFine * 5 + 128) >> 8;
output = output / 100;
return output;
}
float BME280::getTemperatureF()
{
float output = getTemperatureC();
output = (output * 9) / 5 + 32;
return output;
}
float BME280::getPressure()
{
…
int32_t adc_P = ((uint32_t)_i2c.readData(BME280_PRESSURE_MSB_REG) << 12) | ((uint32_t)_i2c.readData(BME280_PRESSURE_LSB_REG) << 4) | ((_i2c.readData(BME280_PRESSURE_XLSB_REG) >> 4) & 0x0F);
int64_t var1, var2, p_acc;
…
p_acc = p_acc >> 8; // /256
return (float)p_acc;
}
float BME280::getHumidity()
{
…
int32_t adc_H = ((uint32_t)_i2c.readData(BME280_HUMIDITY_MSB_REG) << 8) | ((uint32_t)_i2c.readData(BME280_HUMIDITY_LSB_REG));
int32_t var1;
…
return (float)((var1>>12) >> 10);
}
float BME280::getAltitudeMeters()
{
float heightOutput = 0;
…
return heightOutput;
}
float BME280::getAltitudeFeet()
{
float heightOutput = 0;
heightOutput = getAltitudeMeters() * 3.28084;
return heightOutput;
}
I2C模块代码
i2c.h
#ifndef I2C_H
#define I2C_H
#include <QObject>
#include <QByteArray>
class I2c : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit I2c(QObject *parent = 0);
signals:
public slots:
bool open(uchar addr);
void writeData(int reg, uchar data);
uchar readData(int reg);
private:
int _fd;
};
#endif // I2C_H
i2c.cpp
#include "i2c.h"
#include "wiringPi.h"
#include "wiringPiI2C.h"
#include <QDebug>
#include <QByteArray>
I2c::I2c(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent)
{
wiringPiSetup();
_fd = 0;
}
bool I2c::open(uchar addr)
{
_fd = wiringPiI2CSetup(addr);
…
}
void I2c::writeData(int reg, uchar data)
{
…
ret = wiringPiI2CWriteReg8(_fd, reg, data);
}
uchar I2c::readData(int reg)
{
…
data = wiringPiI2CReadReg8(_fd, reg);
…
}
运行效果
办公室正常效果(笔者在十多层,差不多吧95m左右的水平高度)
哈10s的气(主要是t,h)
放到特定环境挤压空气一下(主要是p)
上一篇:《树莓派开发笔记(七):GPIO口的SPI使用(BME280三合一传感器:测量温度、湿度、气压、海拔高度) 》
下一篇:《树莓派开发笔记(九):CSI口的摄像头拍照(同样适用USB摄像头)》
原博主博客地址:https://blog.csdn.net/qq21497936
原博主博客导航:https://blog.csdn.net/qq21497936/article/details/102478062
本文章博客地址:https://blog.csdn.net/qq21497936/article/details/79775665