如何在Java中进行网络编程：Socket与NIO

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于 2024-06-29 08:15:00 发布

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文章标签： java 开发语言网络编程

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq836869520/article/details/139898524

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如何在Java中进行网络编程：Socket与NIO

大家好，我是免费搭建查券返利机器人省钱赚佣金就用微赚淘客系统3.0的小编，也是冬天不穿秋裤，天冷也要风度的程序猿！今天我们将深入探讨Java中的网络编程，重点介绍Socket和NIO这两种网络编程模型的使用和区别。

一、介绍网络编程

网络编程是指通过计算机网络实现程序之间的数据交换和通信。在Java中，主要通过Socket和NIO（New I/O，即非阻塞I/O）来实现网络编程。

二、Socket编程

1. Socket基础

Socket是网络上运行的两个程序之间双向通信链路的端点。在Java中，使用Socket可以建立客户端和服务器之间的通信。

1.1 客户端示例

package cn.juwatech.network.socket;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

public class SocketClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String serverAddress = "127.0.0.1";
        int port = 8080;

        try (
            Socket socket = new Socket(serverAddress, port);
            PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()))
        ) {
            // 发送数据到服务器
            out.println("Hello, Server!");

            // 接收服务器返回的数据
            String response = in.readLine();
            System.out.println("Server response: " + response);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

1.2 服务器端示例

package cn.juwatech.network.socket;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

public class SocketServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int port = 8080;

        try (
            ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
            Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();
            PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true);
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()))
        ) {
            System.out.println("Client connected: " + clientSocket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());

            // 接收客户端发送的数据
            String inputLine;
            while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println("Client message: " + inputLine);
                // 响应客户端
                out.println("Server received: " + inputLine);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2. NIO编程

NIO是Java提供的一种高性能、可扩展的I/O操作方式，相比传统的阻塞I/O，NIO提供了更强大的多路复用机制。

2.1 NIO客户端示例

package cn.juwatech.network.nio;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;

public class NIOClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String serverAddress = "127.0.0.1";
        int port = 8080;

        try {
            SocketChannel socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
            socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress(serverAddress, port));

            String message = "Hello, Server!";
            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(message.getBytes());
            socketChannel.write(buffer);

            buffer.clear();
            int bytesRead = socketChannel.read(buffer);
            while (bytesRead > 0) {
                buffer.flip();
                while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
                    System.out.print((char) buffer.get());
                }
                buffer.clear();
                bytesRead = socketChannel.read(buffer);
            }
            socketChannel.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2.2 NIO服务器端示例

package cn.juwatech.network.nio;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;

public class NIOServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int port = 8080;

        try {
            ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
            serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));

            while (true) {
                SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();

                ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                int bytesRead = socketChannel.read(buffer);
                while (bytesRead != -1) {
                    buffer.flip();
                    while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
                        System.out.print((char) buffer.get());
                    }
                    buffer.clear();
                    bytesRead = socketChannel.read(buffer);
                }
                socketChannel.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}