创建并初始化设备

一、初始化交换链

DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd;
ZeroMemory( &sd, sizeof( sd ) );
sd.BufferCount = 1;
sd.BufferDesc.Width = 640;
sd.BufferDesc.Height = 480;
sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
sd.OutputWindow = g_hWnd;
sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
sd.Windowed = TRUE;

二、通过D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain  初始化设备和交换链

D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL FeatureLevelsRequested = D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0;
UINT               numLevelsRequested = 1;
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL FeatureLevelsSupported;

if( FAILED(hr = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain( NULL,
            D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
            NULL,
            0,
            &FeatureLevelsRequested,
            numLevelsRequested,
            D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
            &sd,
            &g_pSwapChain,
            &g_pd3dDevice,
            &FeatureLevelsSupported,
            &g_pImmediateContext )))
{
    return hr;
}
// 注意:如果在仅仅具有Direct3D 11.0的机器上 请求D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_1设备，则D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain直接返回E_INVALIDARG
// 在具有DirectX 11.0 或者DirectX 11.1的机器上，安全请求，如下:
const D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL lvl[] = { D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_1, D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0,
                                D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1, D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0,
                                D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_3,  D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_2,  D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_1};
                                
UINT createDeviceFlags = 0;
#ifdef _DEBUG
createDeviceFlags |= D3D_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG;
#endif

ID3D11Device* device = nullptr;
HRESULT hr \
        = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(nullptr, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, nullptr, createDeviceFlags, lvl,    _countof(lvl),      D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &sd, &g_pSwapChain, &g_pd3dDevice, &FeatureLevelsSupported, &g_pImmediateContext);
if(hr == E_INVALIDARG)
{
    hr = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(nullptr, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, nullptr, createDeviceFlags, &lvl[1], _countof(lvl) - 1, D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &sd, &g_pSwapChain, &g_pd3dDevice, &FeatureLevelsSupported, &g_pImmediateContext);
}

if(FAILED(hr))
{
    return hr;
}

三、创建并绑定渲染目标视图(render target view)

D3D11_VIEWPORT vp;
vp.Width = 640;
vp.Height = 480;
vp.MinDepth = 0.0f;
vp.MaxDeath = 1.0f;
vp.TopLeftX = 0;
vp.TopLeftY = 0;
g_pImmediateContext->RSSetViewports(1, &vp);