python装饰器

1 装饰器基础知识

• 装饰器是可调用的对象,其参数是另一个函数（被装饰的函数）。装饰器可能会处理被装饰的函数,然后把它返回,或者将其替换成另一个函数或可调用函数
• @deco 等价于 target = deco(target)

def deco(func):
    def inner():
        print('running inner()')
        func()
    return inner

@deco
def target():
    print('running target()')

2 对带参数的函数使用装饰器

• @deco等价于target = deco(target)(*args)=>inner(*args)

def deco(func):
    def inner(*args):
        print('running inner {}'.format(args))
        func(*args)
    return inner

@deco
def target(*args):
    print('running target {}'.format(args))

3 装饰器携带参数

• @outer等价于target = outer("deco")(target)(*args)=>deco(target)(*args)=>inner(*args)

def outer(*ar):
    def deco(func):
        def inner(*args):
            print("outer 参数是{}".format(ar))
            print('running inner {}'.format(args))
            func(*args)
        return inner
    return deco

@outer("deco")
def target(*args):
    print('running target {}'.format(args))

4 装饰器应用

在Detectron2 中，对一个类或函数进行注册时，就应用了python装饰器的特性

class Registry(object):

    def __init__(self, name):
        """
        Args:
            name (str): the name of this registry
        """
        self._name = name

        self._obj_map = {}

    def _do_register(self, name, obj):
        assert (
                name not in self._obj_map
        ), "An object named '{}' was already registered in '{}' registry!".format(name, self._name)
        self._obj_map[name] = obj

    def register(self, obj=None):
        """
        Register the given object under the the name `obj.__name__`.
        Can be used as either a decorator or not. See docstring of this class for usage.
        """
        if obj is None:
            # used as a decorator
            def deco(func_or_class):
                name = func_or_class.__name__
                self._do_register(name, func_or_class)
                return func_or_class

            return deco

        # used as a function call
        name = obj.__name__
        self._do_register(name, obj)

    def get(self, name):
        ret = self._obj_map.get(name)
        if ret is None:
            raise KeyError("No object named '{}' found in '{}' registry!".format(name, self._name))
        return ret


registry_machine = Registry('registry_machine')


@registry_machine.register()
def print_hello_world(word):
    print('hello {}'.format(word))


@registry_machine.register()
def print_hi_world(word):
    print('hi {}'.format(word))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    cfg1 = 'print_hello_world'
    registry_machine.get(cfg1)('world')

    cfg2 = 'print_hi_world'
    registry_machine.get(cfg2)('world')