esp笔记（9）Adafruit NePixel 库 驱动 ws2818 全彩 LED 灯

ws2812 是一款常见的RGB灯，其内部集成了3色的LED灯和一个处理IC，可以通过时序来控制灯光的颜色，它的外部只有VCC，GND，输入IO口（用来读取数据），输出IO口（用来级联），ws2812 资料网上非常丰富，这里不再赘述。在Arduino中，可以使用第三方库来非常方便的驱动。

首先打开库管理，在搜索栏中搜索 NeoPixel 库，本文下载的是 Adafruit NePixel 库，在IDE中，还有其他的库供我们选择：

安装完毕以后，就可以来运行程序示例，查看效果了：

我们在第三方库示例中选择 Adafruit NeoPixel 的 simple 示例：

// NeoPixel Ring simple sketch (c) 2013 Shae Erisson
// Released under the GPLv3 license to match the rest of the
// Adafruit NeoPixel library

#include <Adafruit_NeoPixel.h>
#ifdef __AVR__
 #include <avr/power.h> // Required for 16 MHz Adafruit Trinket
#endif

// Which pin on the Arduino is connected to the NeoPixels?
#define PIN        6 // On Trinket or Gemma, suggest changing this to 1

// How many NeoPixels are attached to the Arduino?
#define NUMPIXELS 16 // Popular NeoPixel ring size

// When setting up the NeoPixel library, we tell it how many pixels,
// and which pin to use to send signals. Note that for older NeoPixel
// strips you might need to change the third parameter -- see the
// strandtest example for more information on possible values.
Adafruit_NeoPixel pixels(NUMPIXELS, PIN, NEO_GRB + NEO_KHZ800);

#define DELAYVAL 500 // Time (in milliseconds) to pause between pixels

void setup() {
  // These lines are specifically to support the Adafruit Trinket 5V 16 MHz.
  // Any other board, you can remove this part (but no harm leaving it):
#if defined(__AVR_ATtiny85__) && (F_CPU == 16000000)
  clock_prescale_set(clock_div_1);
#endif
  // END of Trinket-specific code.

  pixels.begin(); // INITIALIZE NeoPixel strip object (REQUIRED)
}

void loop() {
  pixels.clear(); // Set all pixel colors to 'off'

  // The first NeoPixel in a strand is #0, second is 1, all the way up
  // to the count of pixels minus one.
  for(int i=0; i<NUMPIXELS; i++) { // For each pixel...

    // pixels.Color() takes RGB values, from 0,0,0 up to 255,255,255
    // Here we're using a moderately bright green color:
    pixels.setPixelColor(i, pixels.Color(0, 150, 0));

    pixels.show();   // Send the updated pixel colors to the hardware.

    delay(DELAYVAL); // Pause before next pass through loop
  }
}

第 11 行定义了 ws2812 输入的 引脚号，本文将其改为 14，由下图可知，GPIO14 在 NodeMCU开发板标记为 D5 处：

第 16 行，定义灯珠的个数，本文的灯珠为 4 个，所以将值改为 4。
修改后完整代码如下：

// NeoPixel Ring simple sketch (c) 2013 Shae Erisson
// Released under the GPLv3 license to match the rest of the
// Adafruit NeoPixel library

#include <Adafruit_NeoPixel.h>
#ifdef __AVR__
 #include <avr/power.h> // Required for 16 MHz Adafruit Trinket
#endif

// Which pin on the Arduino is connected to the NeoPixels?
#define PIN        14 // On Trinket or Gemma, suggest changing this to 1

// How many NeoPixels are attached to the Arduino?
#define NUMPIXELS 4 // Popular NeoPixel ring size

// When setting up the NeoPixel library, we tell it how many pixels,
// and which pin to use to send signals. Note that for older NeoPixel
// strips you might need to change the third parameter -- see the
// strandtest example for more information on possible values.
Adafruit_NeoPixel pixels(NUMPIXELS, PIN, NEO_GRB + NEO_KHZ800);

#define DELAYVAL 500 // Time (in milliseconds) to pause between pixels

void setup() {
  // These lines are specifically to support the Adafruit Trinket 5V 16 MHz.
  // Any other board, you can remove this part (but no harm leaving it):
#if defined(__AVR_ATtiny85__) && (F_CPU == 16000000)
  clock_prescale_set(clock_div_1);
#endif
  // END of Trinket-specific code.

  pixels.begin(); // INITIALIZE NeoPixel strip object (REQUIRED)
}

void loop() {
  pixels.clear(); // Set all pixel colors to 'off'

  // The first NeoPixel in a strand is #0, second is 1, all the way up
  // to the count of pixels minus one.
  for(int i=0; i<NUMPIXELS; i++) { // For each pixel...

    // pixels.Color() takes RGB values, from 0,0,0 up to 255,255,255
    // Here we're using a moderately bright green color:
    pixels.setPixelColor(i, pixels.Color(0, 150, 0));

    pixels.show();   // Send the updated pixel colors to the hardware.

    delay(DELAYVAL); // Pause before next pass through loop
  }
}

接线是简单的，只需要接入VCC（由于 Lolin 开发板只有 3V，所以本文接入3V），GND，再将输入IO口正确的接入 GPIO14 （D5）处即可观察到绿灯以500ms的速度逐个点亮：

库是通过 API 函数 setPixelColor(i, pixels.Color(0, 150, 0));来设置灯组颜色的，其中 第一个参数 i 为第 i 个灯组，之后是的三个参数分别为 RGB 。

注意RGB灯需要比较大的电流，特别是灯珠较多的情况下需要考虑供电电压的功率，在供电不足的情况下，色彩可能有很大的偏差，正常情况下，该灯珠的色彩是符合要求的。