将Adafruit_NeoPixel库移植为C版本
Adafruit_NeoPixel库为实现WS2812类似系列的灯珠实现非常酷炫的效果提供了各种接口函数，应用层可以很方便的利用这些接口函数实现各种丰富的显示效果。Adafruit_NeoPixel库提供的example中包含了很多炫酷效果的例程，实现更加丰富效果的WS2812FX库便是利用Adafruit_NeoPixel库的基础上实现的。这里将其移植为C语言版本可以更广泛的应用到嵌入式平台上，也为后续移植WS2812FX库打下铺垫。
移植原则：
- 移植需要用到的变量，这里全部声明为static，外部函数需要使用其变量时必须通过函数的方式访问。
- 为所有向外提供使用的函数统一添加
Adafruit_NeoPixel_的前缀，既便于识别又不会和其他文件函数产生重名冲突。 - 当函数存在重载情形时将重载函数的不一致参数组合作为函数名的后缀。
- 最大限度的尊重源库的命名，方便后续升级
移植过程：
最重要的部分是要实现Adafruit_NeoPixel_init()函数和修改Adafruit_NeoPixel_show()函数。其次还包含PWM+DMA底层驱动接口的实现和函数改名和添加库中没有的变量访问接口。
移植结果：
Adafruit_NeoPixel.h
#ifndef __ADAFRUIT_NEOPIXEL_H
#define __ADAFRUIT_NEOPIXEL_H
#define ADAFRUIT_NEOPIXEL_VERSION 0x00000001
#include <stdint.h>
/*
这里移植到其他平台只需要在bsp中实现WS2812系列灯珠的底层实现：
void ws281x_init(void) : 初始化PWM+DMA的硬件模块
void ws281x_show(uint16_t *pixels_pattern, uint16_t pattern_size) ：通过DMA的方式将PWM从内存传输到外设
#define WS_ZERO 40 //需要根据pwm设定的周期值来确定 （40 / 120 = 0.33us）
#define WS_ONE 60 //需要根据pwm设定的周期值来确定 （60 / 120 = 0.5us）
*/
#include "bsp_ws2812.h"
// 设定0码和1码的值（需要符合灯珠的驱动时序），需要根据底层具体的驱动方式来确定
// 若是PWM+DMA的方式实现，则下面值的大小取决于pwm周期值的设定
#define MAGIC_T0H WS_ZERO
#define MAGIC_T1H WS_ONE
#define PROGMEM //avr单片机需要，arm类型的单片机不需要这里直接定义为空
typedef uint8_t neoPixelType;
// The order of primary colors in the NeoPixel data stream can vary among
// device types, manufacturers and even different revisions of the same
// item. The third parameter to the Adafruit_NeoPixel constructor encodes
// the per-pixel byte offsets of the red, green and blue primaries (plus
// white, if present) in the data stream -- the following #defines provide
// an easier-to-use named version for each permutation. e.g. NEO_GRB
// indicates a NeoPixel-compatible device expecting three bytes per pixel,
// with the first byte transmitted containing the green value, second
// containing red and third containing blue. The in-memory representation
// of a chain of NeoPixels is the same as the data-stream order; no
// re-ordering of bytes is required when issuing data to the chain.
// Most of these values won't exist in real-world devices, but it's done
// this way so we're ready for it (also, if using the WS2811 driver IC,
// one might have their pixels set up in any weird permutation).
// Bits 5,4 of this value are the offset (0-3) from the first byte of a
// pixel to the location of the red color byte. Bits 3,2 are the green
// offset and 1,0 are the blue offset. If it is an RGBW-type device
// (supporting a white primary in addition to R,G,B), bits 7,6 are the
// offset to the white byte...otherwise, bits 7,6 are set to the same value
// as 5,4 (red) to indicate an RGB (not RGBW) device.
// i.e. binary representation:
// 0bWWRRGGBB for RGBW devices
// 0bRRRRGGBB for RGB
// RGB NeoPixel permutations; white and red offsets are always same
// Offset: W R G B
#define NEO_RGB ((0<<6) | (0<<4) | (1<<2) | (2)) ///< Transmit as R,G,B
#define NEO_RBG ((0<<6) | (0<<4) | (2<<2) | (1)) ///< Transmit as R,B,G
#define NEO_GRB ((1<<6) | (1<<4) | (0<<2) | (2)) ///< Transmit as G,R,B
#define NEO_GBR ((2<<6) | (2<<4) | (0<<2) | (1)) ///< Transmit as G,B,R
#define NEO_BRG ((1<<6) | (1<<4) | (2<<2) | (0)) ///< Transmit as B,R,G
#define NEO_BGR ((2<<6) | (2<<4) | (1<<2) | (0)) ///< Transmit as B,G,R
// RGBW NeoPixel permutations; all 4 offsets are distinct
// Offset: W R G B
#define NEO_WRGB ((0<<6) | (1<<4) | (2<<2) | (3)) ///< Transmit as W,R,G,B
#define NEO_WRBG ((0<<6) | (1<<4) | (3<<2) | (2)) ///< Transmit as W,R,B,G
#define NEO_WGRB ((0<<6) | (2<<4) | (1<<2) | (3)) ///< Transmit as W,G,R,B
#define NEO_WGBR ((0<<6) | (3<<4) | (1<<2) | (2)) ///< Transmit as W,G,B,R
#define NEO_WBRG ((0<<6) | (2<<4) | (3<<2) | (1)) ///< Transmit as W,B,R,G
#define NEO_WBGR ((0<<6) | (3<<4) | (2<<2) | (1)) ///< Transmit as W,B,G,R
#define NEO_RWGB ((1<<6) | (0<<4) | (2<<2) | (3)) ///< Transmit as R,W,G,B
#define NEO_RWBG ((1<<6) | (0<<4) | (3<<2) | (2)) ///< Transmit as R,W,B,G
#define NEO_RGWB ((2<<6) | (0<<4) | (1<<2) | (3)) ///< Transmit as R,G,W,B
#define NEO_RGBW ((3<<6) | (0<<4) | (1<<2) | (2)) ///< Transmit as R,G,B,W
#define NEO_RBWG ((2<<6) | (0<<4) | (3<<2) | (1)) ///< Transmit as R,B,W,G
#define NEO_RBGW ((3<<6) | (0<<4) | (2<<2) | (1)) ///< Transmit as R,B,G,W
#define NEO_GWRB ((1<<6) | (2<<4) | (0<<2) | (3)) ///< Transmit as G,W,R,B
#define NEO_GWBR ((1<<6) | (3<<4) | (0<<2) | (2)) ///< Transmit as G,W,B,R
#define NEO_GRWB ((2<<6) | (1<<4) | (0<<2) | (3)) ///< Transmit as G,R,W,B
#define NEO_GRBW ((3<<6) | (1<<4) | (0<<2) | (2)) ///< Transmit as G,R,B,W
#define NEO_GBWR ((2<<6) | (3<<4) | (0<<2) | (1)) ///< Transmit as G,B,W,R
#define NEO_GBRW ((3<<6) | (2<<4) | (0<<2) | (1)) ///< Transmit as G,B,R,W
#define NEO_BWRG ((1<<6) | (2<<4) | (3<<2) | (0)) ///< Transmit as B,W,R,G
#define NEO_BWGR ((1<<6) | (3<<4) | (2<<2) | (0)) ///< Transmit as B,W,G,R
#define NEO_BRWG ((2<<6) | (1<<4) | (3<<2) | (0)) ///< Transmit as B,R,W,G
#define NEO_BRGW ((3<<6) | (1<<4) | (2<<2) | (0)) ///< Transmit as B,R,G,W
#define NEO_BGWR ((2<<6) | (3<<4) | (1<<2) | (0)) ///< Transmit as B,G,W,R
#define NEO_BGRW ((3<<6) | (2<<4) | (1<<2) | (0)) ///< Transmit as B,G,R,W
// These two tables are declared outside the Adafruit_NeoPixel class
// because some boards may require oldschool compilers that don't
// handle the C++11 constexpr keyword.
/* A PROGMEM (flash mem) table containing 8-bit unsigned sine wave (0-255).
Copy & paste this snippet into a Python REPL to regenerate:
import math
for x in range(256):
print("{:3},".format(int((math.sin(x/128.0*math.pi)+1.0)*127.5+0.5))),
if x&15 == 15: print
*/
static const uint8_t PROGMEM _NeoPixelSineTable[256] = {
128,131,134,137,140,143,146,149,152,155,158,162,165,167,170,173,
176,179,182,185,188,190,193,196,198,201,203,206,208,211,213,215,
218,220,222,224,226,228,230,232,234,235,237,238,240,241,243,244,
245,246,248,249,250,250,251,252,253,253,254,254,254,255,255,255,
255,255,255,255,254,254,254,253,253,252,251,250,250,249,248,246,
245,244,243,241,240,238,237,235,234,232,230,228,226,224,222,220,
218,215,213,211,208,206,203,201,198,196,193,190,188,185,182,179,
176,173,170,167,165,162,158,155,152,149,146,143,140,137,134,131,
128,124,121,118,115,112,109,106,103,100, 97, 93, 90, 88, 85, 82,
79, 76, 73, 70, 67, 65, 62, 59, 57, 54, 52, 49, 47, 44, 42, 40,
37, 35, 33, 31, 29, 27, 25, 23, 21, 20, 18, 17, 15, 14, 12, 11,
10, 9, 7, 6, 5, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 9,
10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35,
37, 40, 42, 44, 47, 49, 52, 54, 57, 59, 62, 65, 67, 70, 73, 76,
79, 82, 85, 88, 90, 93, 97,100,103,106,109,112,115,118,121,124};
/* Similar to above, but for an 8-bit gamma-correction table.
Copy & paste this snippet into a Python REPL to regenerate:
import math
gamma=2.6
for x in range(256):
print("{:3},".format(int(math.pow((x)/255.0,gamma)*255.0+0.5))),
if x&15 == 15: print
*/
static const uint8_t PROGMEM _NeoPixelGammaTable[256] = {
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3,
3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7,
7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 11, 12, 12,
13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 15, 15, 16, 16, 17, 17, 18, 18, 19, 19, 20,
20, 21, 21, 22, 22, 23, 24, 24, 25, 25, 26, 27, 27, 28, 29, 29,
30, 31, 31, 32, 33, 34, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42,
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57,
58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75,
76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 96,
97, 99,100,102,103,105,106,108,109,111,112,114,115,117,119,120,
122,124,125,127,129,130,132,134,136,137,139,141,143,145,146,148,
150,152,154,156,158,160,162,164,166,168,170,172,174,176,178,180,
182,184,186,188,191,193,195,197,199,202,204,206,209,211,213,215,
218,220,223,225,227,230,232,235,237,240,242,245,247,250,252,255};
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_init(uint16_t pixel_num, neoPixelType type);
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_show(void);
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_setPin(uint16_t p);
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_setPixelColor_rgb(uint16_t n, uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b);
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_setPixelColor_rgbw(uint16_t n, uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b, uint8_t w);
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_setPixelColor(uint16_t n, uint32_t c);
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_fill(uint32_t c, uint16_t first, uint16_t count);
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_setBrightness(uint8_t);
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_clear(void);
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_updateLength(uint16_t n);
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_updateType(neoPixelType t);
uint32_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_Color_rgb(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b);
uint32_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_Color_rgbw(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b, uint8_t w);
uint32_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_ColorHSV(uint16_t hue, uint8_t sat, uint8_t val);
uint8_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_sine8(uint8_t x);
uint8_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_gamma8(uint8_t x);
uint32_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_gamma32(uint32_t x);
uint8_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_getBrightness(void);
uint8_t *Adafruit_NeoPixel_getPixels(void);
uint16_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_numPixels(void);
uint32_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_getPixelColor(uint16_t n);
uint8_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_getNumBytesPerPixel(void);
uint16_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_getNumBytes(void);
#endif /* __ADAFRUIT_NEOPIXEL_H */
Adafruit_NeoPixel.c
#include "Adafruit_NeoPixel.h"
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
/*-------------------------------variable-------------------------------*/
static uint16_t numLEDs; ///< Number of RGB LEDs in strip
static uint16_t numBytes; ///< Size of 'pixels' buffer below
//static int16_t pin; ///< Output pin number (-1 if not yet set)
static uint8_t brightness; ///< Strip brightness 0-255 (stored as +1)
static uint8_t *pixels; ///< Holds LED color values (3 or 4 bytes each)
static uint8_t rOffset; ///< Red index within each 3- or 4-byte pixel
static uint8_t gOffset; ///< Index of green byte
static uint8_t bOffset; ///< Index of blue byte
static uint8_t wOffset; ///< Index of white (==rOffset if no white)
//static uint32_t endTime; ///< Latch timing reference
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_init(uint16_t pixel_num, neoPixelType type) {
/* WS2812系列灯珠，底层驱动初始化 */
ws281x_init();
free(pixels);
brightness = 0;
// endTime = 0;
wOffset = (type) >> 6 & 0x3;
rOffset = (type) >> 4 & 0x3;
gOffset = (type) >> 2 & 0x3;
bOffset = (type) & 0x3;
numBytes = pixel_num * ((wOffset == rOffset)? 3 : 4);
pixels = (uint8_t *)malloc(numBytes);
if(NULL != pixels){ //内存申请成功
memset(pixels, 0, numBytes);
numLEDs = pixel_num;
} else {
numLEDs = numBytes = 0;
}
}
/*!
@brief Change the length of a previously-declared Adafruit_NeoPixel
strip object. Old data is deallocated and new data is cleared.
Pin number and pixel format are unchanged.
@param n New length of strip, in pixels.
@note This function is deprecated, here only for old projects that
may still be calling it. New projects should instead use the
'new' keyword with the first constructor syntax (length, pin,
type).
*/
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_updateLength(uint16_t n) {
free(pixels); // Free existing data (if any)
// Allocate new data -- note: ALL PIXELS ARE CLEARED
numBytes = n * ((wOffset == rOffset) ? 3 : 4);
pixels = (uint8_t *)malloc(numBytes);
if(pixels) {
memset(pixels, 0, numBytes);
numLEDs = n;
} else {
numLEDs = numBytes = 0;
}
}
/*!
@brief Change the pixel format of a previously-declared
Adafruit_NeoPixel strip object. If format changes from one of
the RGB variants to an RGBW variant (or RGBW to RGB), the old
data will be deallocated and new data is cleared. Otherwise,
the old data will remain in RAM and is not reordered to the
new format, so it's advisable to follow up with clear().
@param t Pixel type -- add together NEO_* constants defined in
Adafruit_NeoPixel.h, for example NEO_GRB+NEO_KHZ800 for
NeoPixels expecting an 800 KHz (vs 400 KHz) data stream
with color bytes expressed in green, red, blue order per
pixel.
@note This function is deprecated, here only for old projects that
may still be calling it. New projects should instead use the
'new' keyword with the first constructor syntax
(length, pin, type).
*/
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_updateType(neoPixelType t) {
bool oldThreeBytesPerPixel = (wOffset == rOffset); // false if RGBW
wOffset = (t >> 6) & 0x03; // See notes in header file
rOffset = (t >> 4) & 0x03; // regarding R/G/B/W offsets
gOffset = (t >> 2) & 0x03;
bOffset = t & 0x03;
// If bytes-per-pixel has changed (and pixel data was previously
// allocated), re-allocate to new size. Will clear any data.
if(pixels) {
bool newThreeBytesPerPixel = (wOffset == rOffset);
if(newThreeBytesPerPixel != oldThreeBytesPerPixel) Adafruit_NeoPixel_updateLength(numLEDs);
}
}
/*!
@brief Check whether a call to show() will start sending data
immediately or will 'block' for a required interval. NeoPixels
require a short quiet time (about 300 microseconds) after the
last bit is received before the data 'latches' and new data can
start being received. Usually one's sketch is implicitly using
this time to generate a new frame of animation...but if it
finishes very quickly, this function could be used to see if
there's some idle time available for some low-priority
concurrent task.
@return 1 or true if show() will start sending immediately, 0 or false
if show() would block (meaning some idle time is available).
*/
// static bool canShow(void) {
// if (endTime > micros()) {
// endTime = micros();
// }
// return (micros() - endTime) >= 300L;
// }
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_show(void) {
if(!pixels) return;
// Data latch = 300+ microsecond pause in the output stream. Rather than
// put a delay at the end of the function, the ending time is noted and
// the function will simply hold off (if needed) on issuing the
// subsequent round of data until the latch time has elapsed. This
// allows the mainline code to start generating the next frame of data
// rather than stalling for the latch.
// while(!canShow());
// endTime is a private member (rather than global var) so that multiple
// instances on different pins can be quickly issued in succession (each
// instance doesn't delay the next).
// In order to make this code runtime-configurable to work with any pin,
// SBI/CBI instructions are eschewed in favor of full PORT writes via the
// OUT or ST instructions. It relies on two facts: that peripheral
// functions (such as PWM) take precedence on output pins, so our PORT-
// wide writes won't interfere, and that interrupts are globally disabled
// while data is being issued to the LEDs, so no other code will be
// accessing the PORT. The code takes an initial 'snapshot' of the PORT
// state, computes 'pin high' and 'pin low' values, and writes these back
// to the PORT register as needed.
// To support both the SoftDevice + Neopixels we use the EasyDMA
// feature from the NRF25. However this technique implies to
// generate a pattern and store it on the memory. The actual
// memory used in bytes corresponds to the following formula:
// totalMem = numBytes*8*2+(2*2)
// The two additional bytes at the end are needed to reset the
// sequence.
//
// If there is not enough memory, we will fall back to cycle counter
// using DWT
uint32_t pattern_size = numBytes*8*sizeof(uint16_t)+2*sizeof(uint16_t);
uint16_t* pixels_pattern = NULL;
#if defined(ARDUINO_NRF52_ADAFRUIT) // use thread-safe malloc
pixels_pattern = (uint16_t *) rtos_malloc(pattern_size);
#else
pixels_pattern = (uint16_t *) malloc(pattern_size);
#endif
// Use the identified device to choose the implementation
// If a PWM device is available use DMA
if(pixels_pattern != NULL) {
uint16_t pos = 0; // bit position
for(uint16_t n=0; n<numBytes; n++) {
uint8_t pix = pixels[n];
for(uint8_t mask=0x80; mask>0; mask >>= 1) {
#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
if( !is800KHz ) {
pixels_pattern[pos] = (pix & mask) ? MAGIC_T1H_400KHz : MAGIC_T0H_400KHz;
}else
#endif
{
pixels_pattern[pos] = (pix & mask) ? MAGIC_T1H : MAGIC_T0H;
}
pos++;
}
}
// Zero padding to indicate the end of que sequence
pixels_pattern[pos++] = 0 | (0x8000); // Seq end
pixels_pattern[pos++] = 0 | (0x8000); // Seq end
/* 通过DMA的方式将数据传送到外设 */
ws281x_show(pixels_pattern, pattern_size);
#if defined(ARDUINO_NRF52_ADAFRUIT) // use thread-safe free
rtos_free(pixels_pattern);
#else
free(pixels_pattern);
#endif
// endTime = micros(); // Save EOD time for latch on next call
}
}
/*!
@brief Set a pixel's color using separate red, green and blue
components. If using RGBW pixels, white will be set to 0.
@param n Pixel index, starting from 0.
@param r Red brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
@param g Green brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
@param b Blue brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
*/
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_setPixelColor_rgb(
uint16_t n, uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b) {
if(n < numLEDs) {
if(brightness) { // See notes in setBrightness()
r = (r * brightness) >> 8;
g = (g * brightness) >> 8;
b = (b * brightness) >> 8;
}
uint8_t *p;
if(wOffset == rOffset) { // Is an RGB-type strip
p = &pixels[n * 3]; // 3 bytes per pixel
} else { // Is a WRGB-type strip
p = &pixels[n * 4]; // 4 bytes per pixel
p[wOffset] = 0; // But only R,G,B passed -- set W to 0
}
p[rOffset] = r; // R,G,B always stored
p[gOffset] = g;
p[bOffset] = b;
}
}
/*!
@brief Set a pixel's color using separate red, green, blue and white
components (for RGBW NeoPixels only).
@param n Pixel index, starting from 0.
@param r Red brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
@param g Green brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
@param b Blue brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
@param w White brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum, ignored
if using RGB pixels.
*/
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_setPixelColor_rgbw(
uint16_t n, uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b, uint8_t w) {
if(n < numLEDs) {
if(brightness) { // See notes in setBrightness()
r = (r * brightness) >> 8;
g = (g * brightness) >> 8;
b = (b * brightness) >> 8;
w = (w * brightness) >> 8;
}
uint8_t *p;
if(wOffset == rOffset) { // Is an RGB-type strip
p = &pixels[n * 3]; // 3 bytes per pixel (ignore W)
} else { // Is a WRGB-type strip
p = &pixels[n * 4]; // 4 bytes per pixel
p[wOffset] = w; // Store W
}
p[rOffset] = r; // Store R,G,B
p[gOffset] = g;
p[bOffset] = b;
}
}
/*!
@brief Set a pixel's color using a 32-bit 'packed' RGB or RGBW value.
@param n Pixel index, starting from 0.
@param c 32-bit color value. Most significant byte is white (for RGBW
pixels) or ignored (for RGB pixels), next is red, then green,
and least significant byte is blue.
*/
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_setPixelColor(uint16_t n, uint32_t c) {
if(n < numLEDs) {
uint8_t *p,
r = (uint8_t)(c >> 16),
g = (uint8_t)(c >> 8),
b = (uint8_t)c;
if(brightness) { // See notes in setBrightness()
r = (r * brightness) >> 8;
g = (g * brightness) >> 8;
b = (b * brightness) >> 8;
}
if(wOffset == rOffset) {
p = &pixels[n * 3];
} else {
p = &pixels[n * 4];
uint8_t w = (uint8_t)(c >> 24);
p[wOffset] = brightness ? ((w * brightness) >> 8) : w;
}
p[rOffset] = r;
p[gOffset] = g;
p[bOffset] = b;
}
}
/*!
@brief Fill all or part of the NeoPixel strip with a color.
@param c 32-bit color value. Most significant byte is white (for
RGBW pixels) or ignored (for RGB pixels), next is red,
then green, and least significant byte is blue. If all
arguments are unspecified, this will be 0 (off).
@param first Index of first pixel to fill, starting from 0. Must be
in-bounds, no clipping is performed. 0 if unspecified.
@param count Number of pixels to fill, as a positive value. Passing
0 or leaving unspecified will fill to end of strip.
*/
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_fill(uint32_t c, uint16_t first, uint16_t count) {
uint16_t i, end;
if(first >= numLEDs) {
return; // If first LED is past end of strip, nothing to do
}
// Calculate the index ONE AFTER the last pixel to fill
if(count == 0) {
// Fill to end of strip
end = numLEDs;
} else {
// Ensure that the loop won't go past the last pixel
end = first + count;
if(end > numLEDs) end = numLEDs;
}
for(i = first; i < end; i++) {
Adafruit_NeoPixel_setPixelColor(i, c);
}
}
/*!
@brief Convert hue, saturation and value into a packed 32-bit RGB color
that can be passed to setPixelColor() or other RGB-compatible
functions.
@param hue An unsigned 16-bit value, 0 to 65535, representing one full
loop of the color wheel, which allows 16-bit hues to "roll
over" while still doing the expected thing (and allowing
more precision than the wheel() function that was common to
prior NeoPixel examples).
@param sat Saturation, 8-bit value, 0 (min or pure grayscale) to 255
(max or pure hue). Default of 255 if unspecified.
@param val Value (brightness), 8-bit value, 0 (min / black / off) to
255 (max or full brightness). Default of 255 if unspecified.
@return Packed 32-bit RGB with the most significant byte set to 0 -- the
white element of WRGB pixels is NOT utilized. Result is linearly
but not perceptually correct, so you may want to pass the result
through the gamma32() function (or your own gamma-correction
operation) else colors may appear washed out. This is not done
automatically by this function because coders may desire a more
refined gamma-correction function than the simplified
one-size-fits-all operation of gamma32(). Diffusing the LEDs also
really seems to help when using low-saturation colors.
*/
uint32_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_ColorHSV(uint16_t hue, uint8_t sat, uint8_t val) {
uint8_t r, g, b;
// Remap 0-65535 to 0-1529. Pure red is CENTERED on the 64K rollover;
// 0 is not the start of pure red, but the midpoint...a few values above
// zero and a few below 65536 all yield pure red (similarly, 32768 is the
// midpoint, not start, of pure cyan). The 8-bit RGB hexcone (256 values
// each for red, green, blue) really only allows for 1530 distinct hues
// (not 1536, more on that below), but the full unsigned 16-bit type was
// chosen for hue so that one's code can easily handle a contiguous color
// wheel by allowing hue to roll over in either direction.
hue = (hue * 1530L + 32768) / 65536;
// Because red is centered on the rollover point (the +32768 above,
// essentially a fixed-point +0.5), the above actually yields 0 to 1530,
// where 0 and 1530 would yield the same thing. Rather than apply a
// costly modulo operator, 1530 is handled as a special case below.
// So you'd think that the color "hexcone" (the thing that ramps from
// pure red, to pure yellow, to pure green and so forth back to red,
// yielding six slices), and with each color component having 256
// possible values (0-255), might have 1536 possible items (6*256),
// but in reality there's 1530. This is because the last element in
// each 256-element slice is equal to the first element of the next
// slice, and keeping those in there this would create small
// discontinuities in the color wheel. So the last element of each
// slice is dropped...we regard only elements 0-254, with item 255
// being picked up as element 0 of the next slice. Like this:
// Red to not-quite-pure-yellow is: 255, 0, 0 to 255, 254, 0
// Pure yellow to not-quite-pure-green is: 255, 255, 0 to 1, 255, 0
// Pure green to not-quite-pure-cyan is: 0, 255, 0 to 0, 255, 254
// and so forth. Hence, 1530 distinct hues (0 to 1529), and hence why
// the constants below are not the multiples of 256 you might expect.
// Convert hue to R,G,B (nested ifs faster than divide+mod+switch):
if(hue < 510) { // Red to Green-1
b = 0;
if(hue < 255) { // Red to Yellow-1
r = 255;
g = hue; // g = 0 to 254
} else { // Yellow to Green-1
r = 510 - hue; // r = 255 to 1
g = 255;
}
} else if(hue < 1020) { // Green to Blue-1
r = 0;
if(hue < 765) { // Green to Cyan-1
g = 255;
b = hue - 510; // b = 0 to 254
} else { // Cyan to Blue-1
g = 1020 - hue; // g = 255 to 1
b = 255;
}
} else if(hue < 1530) { // Blue to Red-1
g = 0;
if(hue < 1275) { // Blue to Magenta-1
r = hue - 1020; // r = 0 to 254
b = 255;
} else { // Magenta to Red-1
r = 255;
b = 1530 - hue; // b = 255 to 1
}
} else { // Last 0.5 Red (quicker than % operator)
r = 255;
g = b = 0;
}
// Apply saturation and value to R,G,B, pack into 32-bit result:
uint32_t v1 = 1 + val; // 1 to 256; allows >>8 instead of /255
uint16_t s1 = 1 + sat; // 1 to 256; same reason
uint8_t s2 = 255 - sat; // 255 to 0
return ((((((r * s1) >> 8) + s2) * v1) & 0xff00) << 8) |
(((((g * s1) >> 8) + s2) * v1) & 0xff00) |
( ((((b * s1) >> 8) + s2) * v1) >> 8);
}
/*!
@brief Query the color of a previously-set pixel.
@param n Index of pixel to read (0 = first).
@return 'Packed' 32-bit RGB or WRGB value. Most significant byte is white
(for RGBW pixels) or 0 (for RGB pixels), next is red, then green,
and least significant byte is blue.
@note If the strip brightness has been changed from the default value
of 255, the color read from a pixel may not exactly match what
was previously written with one of the setPixelColor() functions.
This gets more pronounced at lower brightness levels.
*/
uint32_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_getPixelColor(uint16_t n) {
if(n >= numLEDs) return 0; // Out of bounds, return no color.
uint8_t *p;
if(wOffset == rOffset) { // Is RGB-type device
p = &pixels[n * 3];
if(brightness) {
// Stored color was decimated by setBrightness(). Returned value
// attempts to scale back to an approximation of the original 24-bit
// value used when setting the pixel color, but there will always be
// some error -- those bits are simply gone. Issue is most
// pronounced at low brightness levels.
return (((uint32_t)(p[rOffset] << 8) / brightness) << 16) |
(((uint32_t)(p[gOffset] << 8) / brightness) << 8) |
( (uint32_t)(p[bOffset] << 8) / brightness );
} else {
// No brightness adjustment has been made -- return 'raw' color
return ((uint32_t)p[rOffset] << 16) |
((uint32_t)p[gOffset] << 8) |
(uint32_t)p[bOffset];
}
} else { // Is RGBW-type device
p = &pixels[n * 4];
if(brightness) { // Return scaled color
return (((uint32_t)(p[wOffset] << 8) / brightness) << 24) |
(((uint32_t)(p[rOffset] << 8) / brightness) << 16) |
(((uint32_t)(p[gOffset] << 8) / brightness) << 8) |
( (uint32_t)(p[bOffset] << 8) / brightness );
} else { // Return raw color
return ((uint32_t)p[wOffset] << 24) |
((uint32_t)p[rOffset] << 16) |
((uint32_t)p[gOffset] << 8) |
(uint32_t)p[bOffset];
}
}
}
/*!
@brief Adjust output brightness. Does not immediately affect what's
currently displayed on the LEDs. The next call to show() will
refresh the LEDs at this level.
@param b Brightness setting, 0=minimum (off), 255=brightest.
@note This was intended for one-time use in one's setup() function,
not as an animation effect in itself. Because of the way this
library "pre-multiplies" LED colors in RAM, changing the
brightness is often a "lossy" operation -- what you write to
pixels isn't necessary the same as what you'll read back.
Repeated brightness changes using this function exacerbate the
problem. Smart programs therefore treat the strip as a
write-only resource, maintaining their own state to render each
frame of an animation, not relying on read-modify-write.
*/
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_setBrightness(uint8_t b) {
// Stored brightness value is different than what's passed.
// This simplifies the actual scaling math later, allowing a fast
// 8x8-bit multiply and taking the MSB. 'brightness' is a uint8_t,
// adding 1 here may (intentionally) roll over...so 0 = max brightness
// (color values are interpreted literally; no scaling), 1 = min
// brightness (off), 255 = just below max brightness.
uint8_t newBrightness = b + 1;
if(newBrightness != brightness) { // Compare against prior value
// Brightness has changed -- re-scale existing data in RAM,
// This process is potentially "lossy," especially when increasing
// brightness. The tight timing in the WS2811/WS2812 code means there
// aren't enough free cycles to perform this scaling on the fly as data
// is issued. So we make a pass through the existing color data in RAM
// and scale it (subsequent graphics commands also work at this
// brightness level). If there's a significant step up in brightness,
// the limited number of steps (quantization) in the old data will be
// quite visible in the re-scaled version. For a non-destructive
// change, you'll need to re-render the full strip data. C'est la vie.
uint8_t c,
*ptr = pixels,
oldBrightness = brightness - 1; // De-wrap old brightness value
uint16_t scale;
if(oldBrightness == 0) scale = 0; // Avoid /0
else if(b == 255) scale = 65535 / oldBrightness;
else scale = (((uint16_t)newBrightness << 8) - 1) / oldBrightness;
for(uint16_t i=0; i<numBytes; i++) {
c = *ptr;
*ptr++ = (c * scale) >> 8;
}
brightness = newBrightness;
}
}
/*!
@brief Retrieve the last-set brightness value for the strip.
@return Brightness value: 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
*/
uint8_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_getBrightness(void) {
return brightness - 1;
}
/*!
@brief Fill the whole NeoPixel strip with 0 / black / off.
*/
void Adafruit_NeoPixel_clear(void) {
memset(pixels, 0, numBytes);
}
/*!
@brief An 8-bit integer sine wave function, not directly compatible
with standard trigonometric units like radians or degrees.
@param x Input angle, 0-255; 256 would loop back to zero, completing
the circle (equivalent to 360 degrees or 2 pi radians).
One can therefore use an unsigned 8-bit variable and simply
add or subtract, allowing it to overflow/underflow and it
still does the expected contiguous thing.
@return Sine result, 0 to 255, or -128 to +127 if type-converted to
a signed int8_t, but you'll most likely want unsigned as this
output is often used for pixel brightness in animation effects.
*/
uint8_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_sine8(uint8_t x) {
return _NeoPixelSineTable[x]; // 0-255 in, 0-255 out
}
/*!
@brief An 8-bit gamma-correction function for basic pixel brightness
adjustment. Makes color transitions appear more perceptially
correct.
@param x Input brightness, 0 (minimum or off/black) to 255 (maximum).
@return Gamma-adjusted brightness, can then be passed to one of the
setPixelColor() functions. This uses a fixed gamma correction
exponent of 2.6, which seems reasonably okay for average
NeoPixels in average tasks. If you need finer control you'll
need to provide your own gamma-correction function instead.
*/
uint8_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_gamma8(uint8_t x) {
return _NeoPixelGammaTable[x]; // 0-255 in, 0-255 out
}
/*!
@brief Convert separate red, green and blue values into a single
"packed" 32-bit RGB color.
@param r Red brightness, 0 to 255.
@param g Green brightness, 0 to 255.
@param b Blue brightness, 0 to 255.
@return 32-bit packed RGB value, which can then be assigned to a
variable for later use or passed to the setPixelColor()
function. Packed RGB format is predictable, regardless of
LED strand color order.
*/
uint32_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_Color_rgb(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b) {
return ((uint32_t)r << 16) | ((uint32_t)g << 8) | b;
}
/*!
@brief Convert separate red, green, blue and white values into a
single "packed" 32-bit WRGB color.
@param r Red brightness, 0 to 255.
@param g Green brightness, 0 to 255.
@param b Blue brightness, 0 to 255.
@param w White brightness, 0 to 255.
@return 32-bit packed WRGB value, which can then be assigned to a
variable for later use or passed to the setPixelColor()
function. Packed WRGB format is predictable, regardless of
LED strand color order.
*/
uint32_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_Color_rgbw(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b, uint8_t w) {
return ((uint32_t)w << 24) | ((uint32_t)r << 16) | ((uint32_t)g << 8) | b;
}
/*!
@brief A gamma-correction function for 32-bit packed RGB or WRGB
colors. Makes color transitions appear more perceptially
correct.
@param x 32-bit packed RGB or WRGB color.
@return Gamma-adjusted packed color, can then be passed in one of the
setPixelColor() functions. Like gamma8(), this uses a fixed
gamma correction exponent of 2.6, which seems reasonably okay
for average NeoPixels in average tasks. If you need finer
control you'll need to provide your own gamma-correction
function instead.
*/
// A 32-bit variant of gamma8() that applies the same function
// to all components of a packed RGB or WRGB value.
uint32_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_gamma32(uint32_t x) {
uint8_t *y = (uint8_t *)&x;
// All four bytes of a 32-bit value are filtered even if RGB (not WRGB),
// to avoid a bunch of shifting and masking that would be necessary for
// properly handling different endianisms (and each byte is a fairly
// trivial operation, so it might not even be wasting cycles vs a check
// and branch for the RGB case). In theory this might cause trouble *if*
// someone's storing information in the unused most significant byte
// of an RGB value, but this seems exceedingly rare and if it's
// encountered in reality they can mask values going in or coming out.
for(uint8_t i=0; i<4; i++) y[i] = Adafruit_NeoPixel_gamma8(y[i]);
return x; // Packed 32-bit return
}
/*!
@brief Get a pointer directly to the NeoPixel data buffer in RAM.
Pixel data is stored in a device-native format (a la the NEO_*
constants) and is not translated here. Applications that access
this buffer will need to be aware of the specific data format
and handle colors appropriately.
@return Pointer to NeoPixel buffer (uint8_t* array).
@note This is for high-performance applications where calling
setPixelColor() on every single pixel would be too slow (e.g.
POV or light-painting projects). There is no bounds checking
on the array, creating tremendous potential for mayhem if one
writes past the ends of the buffer. Great power, great
responsibility and all that.
*/
uint8_t *Adafruit_NeoPixel_getPixels(void) {
return pixels;
}
/*!
@brief Return the number of pixels in an Adafruit_NeoPixel strip object.
@return Pixel count (0 if not set).
*/
uint16_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_numPixels(void) {
return numLEDs;
}
uint8_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_getNumBytesPerPixel(void) {
return (wOffset == rOffset)? 3 : 4; //3=RGB 4=RGBW
}
uint16_t Adafruit_NeoPixel_getNumBytes(void) {
return numBytes;
}
注意：
Adafruit_NeoPixel_updateLength()和Adafruit_NeoPixel_updateType()函数要谨慎使用，不推荐在初始化完成后使用，可能会造成内存泄漏。- 这里面不包含丰富的显示效果，具体的显示效果例程还需要从example的例子中移植。
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