C++初学：图形管理类

功能：实现圆、椭圆、矩形、三角形、正多边形和任意多边形的管理，实现计算所有图形面积、长度，添加图形，删除图形，获取指定位置图形，输出图形信息等。

头文件1：stdafx.h  存放用到的头文件

#ifndef STDAFX_H_INCLUDED
#define STDAFX_H_INCLUDED

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

#endif

头文件2：point2d.h  点类

#ifndef POINT2D_H_INCLUDED
#define POINT2D_H_INCLUDED

#include "stdafx.h"
//点类
class point2d {

public:

	point2d() :m_x(0), m_y(0) {}
	point2d(double x, double y) :m_x(x), m_y(y) {}
	point2d(const point2d& p) {
		m_x = p.m_x;
		m_y = p.m_y;
	}

	void rewritex(double x) { m_x = x; }
	void rewritey(double y) { m_y = y; }

	double getx() { return m_x; }
	double gety() { return m_y; }

private:
	double m_x;
	double m_y;
};

#endif

头文件3：shape.h  图形类

#ifndef SHAPE_H_INCLUDED
#define SHAPE_H_INCLUDED

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "point2d.h"
#define PI 3.1416926

//图形基类
class shape {

public:

	virtual double calCirc() = 0;
	virtual double calArea() = 0;
	virtual void info() = 0;
	virtual shape* expand() = 0;

};
//---------------------------圆类
class circle :public shape {

public:

	circle() :m_r(1) {}
	circle(double r) :m_r(r) {}

	virtual double calCirc() {
		return 2 * PI * m_r;
	}
	virtual double calArea() {
		return PI * m_r * m_r;
	}
	virtual void info() {
		cout << "圆" << "    ";
		cout << "  半径：" << m_r;
		cout << "  周长：" << calCirc() << "  面积：" << calArea() << endl << endl;
	}
	virtual circle* expand() {
		cout << "输入半径：";
		float r = 0;
		cin >> r;
		circle* temp = new circle(r);
		return temp;
	}

private:
	double m_r;
};
//---------------------------椭圆类
class oval :public shape {

public:

	oval() :m_a(1), m_b(2) {}
	oval(double a, double b) :m_a(max(a, b)), m_b(min(a, b)) {}

	virtual double calCirc() {
		return 2 * min(m_a, m_b) + 4 * (max(m_a, m_b) - min(m_a, m_b));
	}
	virtual double calArea() {
		return PI * m_a * m_b;
	}
	void info() {
		cout << "椭圆" << "    ";
		cout << "长轴半径：" << max(m_a, m_b) << "  短轴半径：" << min(m_a, m_b);
		cout << "  周长：" << calCirc() << "  面积：" << calArea() << endl << endl;
	}
	virtual oval* expand() {
		cout << "输入长轴、短轴：";
		float a = 0, b = 0;
		cin >> a >> b;
		oval* temp = new oval(a, b);
		return temp;
	}

private:
	double m_a;
	double m_b;
};
//---------------------------矩形类
class rectangle :public shape {

public:

	rectangle() :m_a(1), m_b(1) {}
	rectangle(double a, double b) :m_a(max(a, b)), m_b(min(a, b)) {}

	virtual double calCirc() {
		return 4 * m_a * m_b;
	}
	virtual double calArea() {
		return m_a * m_b;
	}
	virtual void info() {
		cout << "矩形" << "    ";
		cout << "长：" << max(m_a, m_b) << "  宽：" << min(m_a, m_b);
		cout << "  周长：" << calCirc() << "  面积：" << calArea() << endl << endl;
	}
	virtual rectangle* expand() {
		cout << "输入长、宽：";
		float a = 0, b = 0;
		cin >> a >> b;
		rectangle* temp = new rectangle(a, b);
		return temp;
	}

private:
	double m_a;
	double m_b;
};
//---------------------------三角形类
class triangle :public shape {

public:

	triangle() :m_a(1), m_b(1), m_c(1) {}
	triangle(double a, double b, double c) :m_a(a), m_b(b), m_c(c) {}

	virtual double calCirc() {
		return m_a + m_b + m_c;
	}
	virtual double calArea() {
		return (double)1 / (double)4 * sqrt((m_a + m_b + m_c) * (m_a + m_b - m_c) * (m_a + m_c - m_b) * (m_b + m_c - m_a));
	}
	virtual void info() {
		cout << "三角形" << "    ";
		cout << "   三边长：" << m_a << "  " << m_b << "  " << m_c;
		cout << "  周长：" << calCirc() << "  面积：" << calArea() << endl << endl;
	}
	virtual triangle* expand() {
		cout << "输入三边(自觉符合规范)：";
		float a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
		cin >> a >> b >> c;
		triangle* temp = new triangle(a, b, c);
		return temp;
	}

private:
	double m_a;
	double m_b;
	double m_c;
};
//---------------------------任意正多边形类
class regularShape :public shape {

public:

	regularShape() :m_n(3), m_l(1) {}
	regularShape(int n, double l) :m_n(n), m_l(l) {}

	virtual double calCirc() {
		return m_n * m_l;
	}
	virtual double calArea() {
		return pow(calCirc(), 2) / ((tan(PI / m_n)) * (4 * (double)m_n));
	}
	virtual void info() {
		cout << "正多边形" << "    ";
		cout << " 边数：" << m_n << "  边长：" << m_l;
		cout << "  周长：" << calCirc() << "  面积：" << calArea() << endl << endl;
	}
	virtual regularShape* expand() {
		cout << "输入边数、边长：";
		float a = 0;
		int b = 0;
		cin >> a >> b;
		regularShape* temp = new regularShape(b, a);
		return temp;
	}

private:
	int m_n;
	double m_l;
};
//---------------------------任意多边形类
class irregularShape :public shape {

public:

	irregularShape() {
		point2d p1(0, 0);
		point2d p2(0, 1);
		point2d p3(1, 1);
		point2d p4(1, 0);
		all_point2d.push_back(p1);
		all_point2d.push_back(p2);
		all_point2d.push_back(p3);
		all_point2d.push_back(p4);
	}
	irregularShape(vector<point2d> point2d) :all_point2d(point2d) {}
	~irregularShape() {}

	virtual double calCirc() {
		double Circ = 0;
		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < all_point2d.size(); i++) {
			if (i != all_point2d.size() - 1) { Circ += sqrt(pow((all_point2d[i].getx() - all_point2d[i + 1].getx()), 2) + pow((all_point2d[i].gety() - all_point2d[i + 1].gety()), 2)); }
			else { Circ += sqrt(pow((all_point2d[i].getx() - all_point2d[0].getx()), 2) + pow((all_point2d[i].gety() - all_point2d[0].gety()), 2)); }
		}
		return Circ;
	}
	virtual double calArea() {
		double Area = 0;
		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < all_point2d.size(); i++) {
			if (i != all_point2d.size() - 1) { Area += (all_point2d[i].getx() * all_point2d[i + 1].gety() - all_point2d[i + 1].getx() * all_point2d[i].gety()); }
			else { Area += (all_point2d[i].getx() * all_point2d[0].gety() - all_point2d[0].getx() * all_point2d[i].gety()); }
		}
		return abs(Area) / 2;
	}
	virtual void info() {
		cout << "任意多边形" << "    " << "边数：" << all_point2d.size();
		cout << "  周长：" << calCirc() << "  面积：" << calArea() << "  坐标：";
		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < all_point2d.size(); i++) {
			cout << " x" << i + 1 << "=" << all_point2d[i].getx() << "  " << "y" << i + 1 << "=" << all_point2d[i].gety() ;
		}
		cout << endl << endl;
	}
	virtual irregularShape* expand() {
		all_point2d.clear();
		cout << "你想构造几边形？（>=3）";
		int nums = 0;
		do {
			cin >> nums;
		} while (nums < 3);
		for (int i = 0; i < nums; i++) {
			cout << "按顺时针输入第" << i + 1 << "个点的横、纵坐标，空格隔开：";
			double x = 0, y = 0;
			cin >> x >> y;
			point2d p(x, y);
			all_point2d.push_back(p);
		}
		irregularShape* temp = new irregularShape(all_point2d);
		return temp;
	}

public:
	vector<point2d> all_point2d; //存放所有点
};
#endif // SHAPE_H_INCLUDED

头文件4：shapeManage.h 图形管理类

#ifndef SHAPEMANAGE_H_INCLUDED
#define SHAPEMANGE_H_INCLUDED
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "shape.h"
//图形管理类，实现计算所有图形面积、长度，添加图形，删除图形，获取指定位置图形，输出图形信息
class shapeManage {

public:

	shapeManage() {
		circle* circle1 = new circle();
		oval* oval1 = new oval();
		rectangle* rectangle1 = new rectangle();
		triangle* triangle1 = new triangle();
		regularShape* regularShape1 = new regularShape();
		irregularShape* irregularShape1 = new irregularShape();

		all_shapes.push_back(circle1);
		all_shapes.push_back(oval1);
		all_shapes.push_back(rectangle1);
		all_shapes.push_back(triangle1);
		all_shapes.push_back(regularShape1);
		all_shapes.push_back(irregularShape1);
	}
	~shapeManage() {
		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < all_shapes.size(); i++) {
			if (all_shapes[i]) {
				delete all_shapes[i];
				all_shapes[i] = nullptr;
			}
		}
	}
	//计算所有图形总长度
	void calAllCirm() {
		double allCirc = 0;
		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < all_shapes.size(); i++) {
			allCirc += all_shapes[i]->calCirc();
		}
		cout << "所有图形总长度： " << allCirc << endl;
	}
	//计算所有图形总面积
	void calAllArea() {
		double allArea = 0;
		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < all_shapes.size(); i++) {
			allArea += all_shapes[i]->calArea();
		}
		cout << "所有图形总面积： " << allArea << endl;
	}
	//输出所有图形信息
	void showAllInfo() {
		cout << "当前图形个数：" << all_shapes.size() << endl;
		calAllArea();
		calAllCirm();
		cout << endl <<"当前所有图形信息：" << endl << endl;
		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < all_shapes.size(); i++) {
			cout << " " << i + 1 << " : ";
			all_shapes[i]->info();
		}
	}
	//添加图形
	void addShape() {
		cout << endl << endl << "---->>>输入要添加的图形的序号：1.圆 2.椭圆 3.矩形 4.三角形 5.正多边形 6.任意多边形   ";
		int n = 0, pos = 0;
		cin >> n;
		cout << endl << "输入要插入的位置(1~" << all_shapes.size() << ")：";
		cin >> pos;
		int cnt = 1;
		bool isInserted = false;
		for (vector<shape*>::iterator it = all_shapes.begin(); cnt != all_shapes.size() + 1; it++) {
			if (cnt == pos) {
				switch (n) {
				case 1: {circle* circle1 = new circle(); all_shapes.insert(it, (*circle1).expand()); delete circle1; circle1 = nullptr; isInserted = true; break; }
				case 2: {oval* oval1 = new oval(); all_shapes.insert(it, (*oval1).expand()); delete oval1; oval1 = nullptr; isInserted = true; break; }
				case 3: {rectangle* rectangle1 = new rectangle(); all_shapes.insert(it, (*rectangle1).expand()); delete rectangle1; rectangle1 = nullptr; isInserted = true; break; }
				case 4: {triangle* triangle1 = new triangle(); all_shapes.insert(it, (*triangle1).expand()); delete triangle1; triangle1 = nullptr; isInserted = true; break; }
				case 5: {regularShape* regularShape1 = new regularShape(); all_shapes.insert(it, (*regularShape1).expand()); delete regularShape1; regularShape1 = nullptr; isInserted = true; break; }
				case 6: {irregularShape* irregularShape1 = new irregularShape(); all_shapes.insert(it, (*irregularShape1).expand()); delete irregularShape1; irregularShape1 = nullptr; isInserted = true; break; }
				default:break;
				}
			}
			cnt++; //遍历位置，使迭代器指向指定位置
			if (isInserted) break; //若插入，则退出循环，防迭代器失效问题
		}
	}
	//删除图形
	void deleteShape() {
		int pos = 0;
		cout << endl << "输入要删除的位置(1~" << all_shapes.size() << ")：";
		cin >> pos;
		vector<shape*>::iterator it = all_shapes.begin();
		all_shapes.erase(it + pos - 1);
	}
	//获取指定位置图形
	void getPos() {
		cout << "输入图形序号：";
		unsigned int pos = 1;
		cin >> pos;
		if (pos<1 || pos>all_shapes.size()) return;
		cout << endl << "第" << pos << "个图形 ： " << endl;
		all_shapes[pos - 1]->info();
	}

public:
	vector<shape*> all_shapes;  //存放所有图形
};

#endif // !SHAPEMANAGE_H_INCLUDED

cpp文件：main.cpp 

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "shapeManage.h"
#include "shape.h"

void menu(shapeManage& shapes);

int main() {

	shapeManage shapes;   //初始化图形
	shapes.showAllInfo(); //输出所有图形信息
	menu(shapes);

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}
void menu(shapeManage& shapes) {
	cout << endl << endl << "图形管理： 1.添加图形 2.删除图形 3.获取指定位置图形 ";
	int m = 0;

	do {
		cin >> m;
	} while (m <= 0 || m > 3);

	switch (m) {
	case 1: {shapes.addShape(); system("cls"); shapes.showAllInfo(); menu(shapes); break; }
	case 2: {shapes.deleteShape(); system("cls"); shapes.showAllInfo(); menu(shapes); break; }
	case 3: {shapes.getPos(); menu(shapes); break; }
	default:exit(0);
	}
}

运行结果：

需要注意的问题：

1.图形初始化，切不可直接创建对象，而是要动态开辟空间，
使用指针存放，原因是vector在堆上，如果直接创建对象存入vector，
在出作用域之后对象会被销毁，造成野指针的问题。

2.在vector插入新的对象时，在插入之后一定要跳出循环，
切不可继续进行下一次。原因是每当vector插入新对象，迭代器可能会失效。

改进之处：

1.在输入任意多边形的坐标时，必须按一定方向（顺时针或逆时针）输入，
否则会造成计算错误的问题，在以后可以进行改进，
使得无须按方向输入坐标也可以正确计算出面积和周长。

2.创建三角形对象时，并未分析用户输入是否合理
（两边之和大于第三边，两边之差小于第三边）。