浮点与定点的二进制存储

1、浮点数和定点数存储

https://blog.csdn.net/niaolianjiulin/article/details/82764511

2、浮点转定点

本篇主要介绍另外一种浮点转定点的方式，并结合neon代码进行介绍(上面的浮点定点基础最好先看，大佬忽略)

static inline uint32_t fp32_to_bits(float f) {
	union {
		float as_value;
		uint32_t as_bits;
	} fp32 = { f };
	return fp32.as_bits;
}

int main()
{
    int32_t value[4] = {234,536,382,430};
    int32x4_t vacc0x0123 = vld1q_s32(value);

    float scale =  0.05434;
    const uint32_t scale_bits = fp32_to_bits(scale);

    /* Multiplier is in [0x40000000, 0x7FFFFF80] range */
    int32_t multiplier = (int32_t)(((scale_bits & UINT32_C(0x007FFFFF)) | UINT32_C(0x00800000))<<7 );
    assert(multiplier >= INT32_C(0x40000000));
    assert(multiplier <= INT32_C(0x7FFFFF80));

    /* Shift is in [0, 31] range */
    const int32_t shift = 127 + 31 - 32 - (fp32_to_bits(scale) >> 23);
    assert(shift >= 0);
    assert(shift < 32);

    int32_t right_shift = -shift;

    const int32x4_t vmultiplier = vld1q_dup_s32(&multiplier);
    vacc0x0123 = vqrdmulhq_s32(vacc0x0123, vmultiplier);

    const int32x4_t vright_shift = vld1q_dup_s32(&right_shift);
    const int32x4_t vzero_shift_mask = vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vceqq_s32(vright_shift, vmovq_n_s32(0)));
    vacc0x0123 = vsraq_n_s32(vacc0x0123, vbicq_s32(vacc0x0123, vzero_shift_mask), 31);

    vacc0x0123 = vrshlq_s32(vacc0x0123, vright_shift);

    int32_t result[4];
    vst1q_s32(result, vacc0x0123);

    printf("%f %f %f %f\n",(value[0]*scale),(value[1]*scale),(value[2]*scale),(value[3]*scale));
    printf("%d %d %d %d ",result[0],result[1],result[2],result[3]);

    return 0;
}

 

 

1）首先看fp32tobits函数，巧妙利用联合体公用内存空间转换float数据类型为uint32_t

等价于const uint32_t scale_bits = *(uint32_t*)(&float)

2)得到浮点的二进制后，将有效位取出，并左移七位得到int32_t得到vmultiplier 

3)接下来就是比较费解的一步，

就是const int32_t shift = 127+31-32-(fp32tobits(scale)>>23)

(fp32tobits(scale)>>23)比较好理解就是获得符号位与基数位，即127+m (m为浮点的二进制小数转换为形式小数点的偏移数),

最后的结果是-m-1，范围为0-31(这里因为scale必须<1,所以m的范围为-32<=m<=-1)

4）最后用value 乘以vmultiplier在移位shift就可以得到最后结果，等价于value 乘以scale的四舍五入